Phenomenology

research
DEFINITIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
TYPES AND SIX CORE
STEPS
 APPLICATION METHOD
Developing the Research Question The focus of a phenomenological
investigation is to describe the meaning of the lived experience from the
perspective of the participants. The nursing world which confronts the
experiences of human health and illness offers a rich source for
phenomenological questions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH QUESTION:

a. It should be quite and broad.

b. It develops from central over reaching question and several sub

question was that follow from the central question
c. Phenomenological researcher avoid using, hypothesis statements so as
not to away the participants toward a desired answer.
 CONT
Role of the Researcher The
researcher is the instrument for data collection and therefore must
be
a. Effective communicator.

b. Empathetic listener.

c. Establishes a good rapport with the participants.

d. Attentive listener.

e. The researcher uses bracketing to identify personnel biases

 CONT
Sample
A phenomenological
investigator requires purposive sample
composed of individuals who have
experienced the phenomena of interests.
The sample size may vary but a small
number of participants are selected because
of extensive documentation that results
from the participants narratives. Sample size
typically range from 5 to 15 participants.
 CONT..
Data Collection

A variety of methods are used for

data collection including, a. In-
depth interview.
b. Written description of specific
experiences in dairies or journals.
c. Observation.
 CONT
DATA ANALYSIS
A number of techniques are available analysing data in
phenomenological study. The steps are:

a. Reducing and re-reading the transcripts in their entirety.

b. Identifying key statement of participants that have bearing on the
phenomena.
c. Identifying and naming the themes in the identified statements.
d. Identifying the essential structure
of the phenomena in the transcribed data.
 CONT
Review of Literature

The literature review is conducted

after data collection and analysis are
complete. The purpose of literature
review is to place the study finding
within the context of what is known
about phenomena.
 CONT
Reporting the Findings

Phenomenological findings reports

the essential structure are the
essence of the experience The
reader of the phenomenological
report should come away from the
report with the experience. better
understanding of what it is like to
experience the phenomenon that