Course Learning Outcome (CLO):

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

1) Explain the basic computer and programming fundamentals

with appropriate examples of language and technology.

2) Apply the different types of algorithm to solve problem

efficiently.

3) Solve problem effectively by applying related theories of the

basic programming language to a given particular scenario
using programming life cycle.
 COMMENT

Comments are simply text that is ignored by the

compiler, but that may inform the reader of what you
are doing at any particular point in your program.

When you are writing a program, it is always clear and

self-evident what you are trying to do. Funny thing,
though--a month later, when you return to the program, it
can be quite confusing and unclear.

To fight the onset of confusion, and to help others

understand your code, use comments.
HELP.CPP demonstrates
comments.
1: #include <iostream.h>
2:
3: int main()
4: {
5: /* this is a comment
6: and it extends until the closing
7: star-slash comment mark */
8: cout << "Hello World!\n";
9: // this comment ends at the end of the line
10: cout << "That comment ended!\n";
11:
12: // double slash comments can be alone on a line
13: /* as can slash-star comments */
14: return 0;
15: }
 OUTPUT

Hello World!
That comment ended!
 Other example of comment

/************************************************************
Program: Hello World
File: Hello.cpp
Function: Main (complete program listing in this file)
Description: Prints the words "Hello world" to the screen
Author: Jesse Liberty (jl)
Environment: Turbo C++ version 4, 486/66 32mb RAM,
Windows 3.1
DOS 6.0. EasyWin module.
Notes: This is an introductory, sample program.
Revisions: 1.00 10/1/94 (jl) First release 1.01 10/2/94 (jl)
Capitalized
"World"

************************************************************/
 Identifiers (constant and
variables) cont..
3. Variables
In C++ a variable is a place to store information. A
variable is a location in your computer's memory in
which you can store a value and from which you can
later retrieve that value.
 Variables types

Type Size Values

unsigned short int 2 bytes 0 to 65,535
short int 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,767
unsigned long int 4 bytes 0 to 4,294,967,295
-2,147,483,648 to
long int 4 bytes
2,147,483,647
int (16 bit) 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,767
-2,147,483,648 to
int (32 bit) 4 bytes
2,147,483,647
unsigned int (16
2 bytes 0 to 65,535
bit)
unsigned int (32
2 bytes 0 to 4,294,967,295
bit)
256 character
char 1 byte
values
float 4 bytes 1.2e-38 to 3.4e38
2.2e-308 to
double 8 bytes
Defining a Variable
Example 1
main()
{
int x;
int y;
int z;
z = x * y;
}

Example 2
main ()
{
int Width;
int Length;
float Area;
Area = Width * Length; }
A demonstration of the use of variables.
1: // Demonstration of variables
2: #include <iostream.h>
3:
4: int main()
5: {
6: int Width = 5, Length;
7: Length = 10;
8:
9: // create integer of area and initialize with result
10: // of multiplying Width by Length
11: int Area = Width * Length;
12:
13: cout << "Width:" << Width << "\n";
14: cout << "Length: " << Length << endl;
15: cout << "Area: " << Area << endl;
16: return 0;
17: }
OUTPUT

Width:5
Length: 10
Area: 50
 QUIZ 1
Q. What is the difference between // comments and /*
style comments?

A. The double-slash comments (//) "expire" at the

end of the line.

Slash-star (/*) comments are in effect until a

closing comment (*/). Remember, not even the
end of the function terminates a slash-star
comment; you must put in the closing comment
mark, or you will get a compile-time error.
 QUIZ 2
1. What is the only function all C programs must contain?
A. start()
B. system()
C. main()
D. program()

2. What punctuation is used to signal the beginning and end of code blocks?
A. { }
B. -> and <-
C. BEGIN and END
D. ( and )

3. What punctuation ends most lines of C code?

A. .
B. ;
C. :
D. '
 QUIZ 2 ANSWER
1. What is the only function all C programs must contain?
A. start()
B. system()
C. main()
D. program()

2. What punctuation is used to signal the beginning and end of code blocks?
A. { }
B. -> and <-
C. BEGIN and END
D. ( and )

3. What punctuation ends most lines of C code?

A. .
B. ;
C. :
D. '
Algorithm
Pseudo code
5. Flowchart
 Answer
Problem analysis

Input : m1, m2, m3, m4 and m5

Process : Total = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4
+ m5
Ave = Total / 5

Output : Total, Ave
Algorithm

1. input 5 test marks

2. Calculate the average of 5 test
marks
2.1 Total = m1+m2+m3+m4+m5
2.2 Ave = total/5
3. Print Total and Ave
Pseudocode

Start:
Process:
1.Input 5 test mark, m1, m2, m3,
m4, m5
2.Total = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5
3.Ave = Total / 5
4.Print Total, Ave
End:

Flowchart

Start

Input m1, m2,

m3, m4, m5

Total = m1 + m2 +
m3 + m4 + m5

Ave = Total / 5

Print Total,
Ave

End
Code Statement
#include <iostream.h>

void main ()
{
int m1,m2,m3,m4,m5;
int total;
float ave;

cout<<Please enter your marks<<endl;
cout<<Mark 1:<<endl;
cin>>m1;
cout<<Mark 2:<<endl;
cin>>m2;
cout<<Mark 3:<<endl;
cin>>m3;
cout<<Mark 4:<<endl;
cin>>m4;
cout<<Mark 5<<endl;;
cin>>m5;
total=m1+m2+m3+m4+m5;
Ave=total/5;
cout<<Total:<<total<<endl;
Cout<<Average:<<ave<<endl;
return 0;
}