A Seminar

On Power
Sys.Security

By:- Lovish Tripathi

14EGIEE205
 CONTENTS
Why we Need this ?
System Security
Power System Security
Types of PSS
States of Power System
Factors Affecting Power System
Functions of Power System Security
Overview of Power System Security
Why We Need this ?
In order to Protect the
entire grid and region
from various kinds of
blackout , power failure ,
short circuits.
 What is System
Security ?
Security is the degree of protection
against danger ,damage , loss and
crime.
A system security provide a form of
protection that insure the safety and
security of the assets and the threat
but is no not limited to the
elimination of either the assets and
Power System Security
Power System
Securityis defined
as the ability of
thepower
systemto remain
securewithout
serious
consequences to
any pre-selected list
of credible
 States of Power System
Normal
Alert
Emergency
Extreme Emergency and
Restorative.
 Factors
Maintaining Affecting
Adequate Spinning Power
Reserve ensures
that System Security
when a generator fails, the remaining units can
take up the
deficit load without too much of a drop in
frequency
Taking care of Transmission Line Flows When
generation
is dispatched ensures that, when a Line is taken
out, the
remaining lines do not get overloaded
Any initiating event should not result in
 Major Functions of System
Security

System Monitoring
Contingency Analysis
Security Constrained Optimal Power
Flow (SCOPF)
 Provides System Monitoring
up-to-date information ( Telemetry Systems )
Critical Quantities are measured and transmitted to a
central location
Measured Quantities ( V, I, f, power factor, C.B Status etc.
)
Digital Computers at control centres
Gathers Telemetered Data
Process this Data
Stores the Data in a Data Base
Generate Alarms
Operator can display this data
Combines data with system models for on-line and
offline analysis
Telemetering is combined with Supervisory Control to
provide operators with a capability to control components
 Contingency Analysis
Power System Problems due to events such as Transmission Line
and Generator Outages etc. can cause serious damage within
very short duration
Contingency Analysis Programs
Model the events before they occur
Combined with standard analysis procedures such as Power Flow
etc. to study the system
Generate Operator Alarms
Other Features
Fast Solution Methods
Automatic Contingency Selection
Automatic Initialization of Contingency Power Flows using Actual
System Data and State Estimation Procedures
Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow
(SCOPF)
Optimal Dispatch (Figure A)
State Prior to a Contingency
Optimal w.r.t Economic Operation
May not be secure

Post Contingency (Figure B)

o State after contingency has occurred
o A Security Violation may have occurred
o Ex: Tn Line Flow or Bus Voltage outside
Limit

Secure Dispatch (Figure C)

o State with no contingency outages
o Corrections to dispatch parameters taking
security violations into account

Secure Post Contingency (Figure D)

o State when contingency occurs at the base
operating condition- with corrections
 References
Impact of Security on Power
Systems Operation
WILLIAM F. TINNEY, LIFE FELLOW, IEEE,
AND YONG FU, MEMBER, IEEE
A book of Power System Security by PHI
Publications
Journel on System Security with
Renewable Energy Resources by IIT
Mandi
Thank You