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Demography:
# Study of population dynamics
# Scientific study of human population primarily with respect to their
size, structure and development
# Is the study of the size, territorial distribution and composition of the
population, changes therein and the components of such changes
which may be identified as natality, mortality, migration and social
mobility.
INTRODUCTION
Population:
# The total number of inhabitants found within a defined geographical area and
time period
DEPENDENCY RATIO
# This is the ratio of the economically dependent part of a population to the
productive part i.e. the elderly (65+yrs) and the young (15yrs and below) to
the population in the working ages (15-64 yrs)
# Largely defines the age structure of the population population pyramid
Population Pyramids
Developingcountry
Advanced economy
Demographic Transition
Four Phases
1. High birth rate, fluctuating death rate(Uganda,
Afghanistan, ? Nigeria)
2. Declining birth and death rates(Ghana, Iraq)
3. Birth rate approaching replacement(India, Malaysia,
Gabon)
4. Low to very low birth rate, very low death
rate(Brazil, Germany, Japan)
CONTRACEPTION
Population
vs social and economic
development.
Initial
drive of population control via
contraception
Paradigm shift to reproductive health
in 1994.
Contraception now projected within
human rights and medical
perspective.
NATIONAL POPULATION
POLICY
1. Addresses the
relationships between
population, social and
economic
development, and the
environment.
FRAMEWORK OF POLICY-1
2. Focuses on related issues of
reproductive health and rights,
including maternal health, family
planning, adolescent reproductive
health, HIV/AIDS and other sexually
transmitted infections, male
involvement, women empowerment,
gender equity and equality, and the
girl child
FRAMEWORK OF POLICY-2
3. The policy also addresses the importance of
data collection, dissemination, and use, and
highlights advocacy, behavioral change
communication strategies, and a
streamlined institutional framework as
critical elements to effective
implementation.
SW
20 S.E.
N.C.
18
NATIONAL
16 N.E. N.W.
14
12
10
1999 2003
0
NATIONAL N.E. N.W. S.E. SW N.C.
MEDIAN AGE AT 1ST MARRIAGE
25
S .E S .W
20
NATIONAL N.C
N.E
N.W
15
1999 2003
10
0
NATIONAL N.E N.W S .E S .W N.C
ADOLESCENT FERTILITY
60
N.W
N.E
50
40
30
AFR
NATIO NAL
N.C
20
S.E S.W
10
0
NATIO NAL S.E S.W N.C N.E N.W
MEDIAN AGE AT 1ST BIRTH
21.5
SW
SE
21
20.5
NATIONAL
NC
20
19.5
19
NW 1st BIRTH
18.5 NE
18
17.5
17
16.5
NATIONAL NE NW SE SW NC
NIGERIAS TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR) PATTERN
NATIONAL TFR TREND
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.1
6
5.9
TFR
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
1981 1990 2003
ZONAL TFR PATTERN - 2003
N.E.
N.W.
7
NATIONAL N.C
6
5 S.S.
S.E S.W.
TFR
3
0
NATIONAL N.C N.E. N.W. S.E S.S. S.W.
MATERNAL & INFANT MORTALITY PATTERNS IN NIGERIAN
ZONES
Rural 826
Urban 351
National 704
FMOH 2007 24
TRENDS IN WOMENS USE OF MODERN
CONTRACEPTIVES
35 SW
30
25 SE
20
1999
15 NC 2003
NATIONAL
10
NE NW
5
0
NATIONAL NE NW SE SW NC
CONTRACEPTION Vs MATERNAL
SURVIVAL
FREQUENT MATERNAL DEATH:
Too early (<18 years) childbearing
Too frequent (<2 years)
Too many (>5 parity)
Too late (>35 years)
Hence family planning is one of the 4 pillars of Safe Motherhood Initiative
AS A PILLAR.
27
ENHANCED PILLARS OF SAFE
MOTHERHOOD
Safe Motherhood
Focused Ante-Natal Care
Post-Abortion Care
STIs/ PMTCT-Plus
Family Planning
Post-Natal Care
Skilled Birth Attendants
28
Equity, Reproductive Health Rights and Education for Women
Definition of FP
The WHO definition of Family Planning: