Example 19.1 For the air conditioning of a 4m high single-storey office building located at 30°N latitude, the plan of which is shown in Fig. 19.1, the following data are given. 2mx1Sm_—_2mx1-5m_—_2mx1-5m 2mxk5m Adjoining building (Not conditioned } Fig. 19.1 Plan of bullding for Example 19.1 1.5mx 2m Plaster on inside wall lcm Outside wall construction 20 cm concrete block 10 om trick veuce: Partition wall construction 33 em brickRoof construction Floor construction Densities, brick conerete plaster * asbestos board Fenestration (Weather-stripped, Loose fit) Doors Outdoor-design conditions Indoor-design conditions Daily range Occupancy Lights 20 cm RCC slab with 4 cm asbestos cement board 20 cm concrete 2000 kg/m? 1900 kg/m? 1885 kg/m? 520 kg/m? 2mx 1} m glass u=59 Wm?KT 1} mx2 m wood panels ‘U = 0.63 Wm?K™ 43°C DBT, 27°C WBT 25°C DBT, 50% RH BIC to 43°C = 12°C 100 15,000 W fluorescent 4,000 W tungsten Assumed bypass factor of cooling coil 0.15 Find room sensible and latent heat loads, and also the grand total heat load. Solution Thermal conductivities from Table 18.1 Kean Keoncrere = 9.0 Wom1K™! Kerik kpuner = 8.65 Wm'K Kesberioe = 0.154 W mK Assumed film coefficients = 0.78 Wm'KT = 132 WmIK" f= BW mK fie 7WmKt Outside wall a uO 2B u=35W mK" Partition wall ‘11, 0334 1, 0125) U 7 1,32 7 8.65 U = 1.86 W mK" Roof 1 0.2 0.04 , 0.0125 1 grat ot omt ees +7 U = 2.13 WKU = 6.05 W mK"! Area and volume of space A= (27 (17) v = 459) (4) Ventilation rate for office Quq/person = 0.28 cmm (from Table 16.2) Ono = 0.28 (100) = 28 emm Number of air-changes of ventilation air (28) (60) 1836 Mass of wall (take densities from Table 18.1) Outside wall:’ 0.2 (1900) + 0.1 (2000) + 0.0125 (1885) = 0.92 (satisfactory considering infiltration also) = 604 kg/m? Partition wall: 0.33 (2000) + 2 (0.0125) (1885) = 707 kg/m? Roof: 0.2 (1900) + 0.04 (520) = 401 kg/m? Correction for equivalent temperature differentials For daily range of 12°C = Bow = 0.45°C For (1) of 18°C = 18-83 = 9.7°C Total correction = 045 49.7 = 10.15°C Equivalent temperature differentials in °C, from Tables 18.9 and 18.10, and incorporating corrections: 2pm. 3pm. 4pm. Spm 6pm Tp.m. West wat! W530 157 BATA North wall 5 Ht 105 122126 South wall 400-156-169 183,187 Roof (exposed) 249 26.7 289 064A Rates of solar gains through glass on June 21 in W/m? from Table 17.8(d) 2pm, 3pm. 4pm Spam, West glass 309 41 $08 492 North glass 44 44 ot at South glass 47 4 38 32Door area = 142 = 3 m? Glass areas ; West glass = 4 (2x14) = 12m? North glass = 2x1} = 3m? South glass = 2(2X1}) = 6 m? Outside wall areas West wall =(@7)(4)— 12 = 96m? North wall = (10) (4) — 3 — 3 = 34m? South wall = (17) (4) —3 — 6 = 59 m? Partition wall areas East wall = (27) (4) — 3 = 105 m* North wall = (7) (4) = 28 m* Estimated time of maximum cooling load From the above calculations, it is obvious that the major components of the variable cooling load are solar and transmission heat gains through the west wall and glass, and the roof. Of these glass and roof loads are the predominant loads. The roof load is maximum at 6 p.m. when the equivalate temperature differential is 31.4°C. ‘The solar gain through the west glass has a maximum value of 508 W/m? at 4 p.m. Thus the time of maximum load is most likely to be near 5 p.m. Heat transfer through floor “Assume a temperature difference of 2.5°C across the floor pales Wind pressure ‘Assuming a wind velocity of 15 kmph, we have ‘Ap = 0.00047 (15)? = 0.11 cm Hz0 Infiltration rate for windows, from Table 18.11 for 0.11 em wind pressure = 2.5 m'/h/m crack Length of crack for 7 windows =72 2+ W) = 49m Occupancy load, from Table 19.1 SHL = 75 W/person LHL = 55 Wiperson Other assumptions () only 10% of the supply duct outside the conditioned space Gi) No return duct outside the conditioned space (iid) Fan horsepower, 5 per cent of RSH. ‘The details of cooling load calculations are given on the calculation sheet in Table 19.5.‘Table 19.5 Calenlation Sheet for Cooling Load Estimation for Example 19.1 ‘SPACE USED FOR OFFICE SIZE 27x17 = 459 m'x4 = 1836 mt ESTIMATE FOR 5 p.m. LOCAL TIME SUN TIME HOURS OF OPERATION —-DAY TIMB CONDITIONS DB | WB %RH DP Ayki/kg — okgike OUTDOOR 43 Po 2» 23 0 0.6 ROOM 25 18 $0 15.7 5085 0.01 DIFFERENCE 18 34.15 0,006 OUTDOOR AIR ak 100 PEOPAEX0.28 cmm/PERSON = 28 cmm gs fe VENTILATION cmm = 28 A SWINGING % REVOLVING. PEOPLEX cmm/PERSON = cum g ov 2 Doors OPEN 3 DOORS x 1.9813 cmm/DOOR = 17.8 emm @ Doors oo EXHAUST. mm = OFAN crack 49 mx2.5/60 cmmjm = 2.0m INFILTRATION cmm = 19.8 LOAD CALCULATIONS TEM ~— AREAOR = SUNGAINOR FACTOR W QUANTITY TEMP DIFF. OR HUMIDITY DIFF.- SENSIBLE HEAT SOLAR GAIN—GLASS BAST GLASS = = = WEST GLASS 492 - 5,900 NORTH GLASS 9 - 270 SOUTH GLASS 32 - 190 SKY LIGHT = = S SOLAR TRANSMISSION GAIN-WALLS AND ROOF BAST WALL -m - - e WEST WALL 96 m* 17.4 3s 5,850 NORTH WALL 34 mt 122 33 1,450 SOUTH WALL 39m 35 3 3780 ROOF-SUN 459 mt 30.6 213 (29,920 ROOF-SHADED ~mt ~ - - Contd.)LOAD CALCULATIONS TTEM AREA OR SUNGAINOR FACTOR QUANTITY TEMPDIFF.OR - HUMIDITY DIFF. ‘TRANSMISSION GAIN—OTHERS DOORS om 18 0.63 100 ALLGLASS =— (124346) mt 18 39 2,230 PARTITION (108428) m* 155 186 3,930 CEILING —o ~ = = FLOOR 459 mt 25 605 6,940 INFILTRATION 19.8 em 18 24 7,210 INTERNAL HEAT GAIN PEOPLE 100 - 3 POWER - - = LIGHTS 15,000 - 1.25 4,000 - = APPLIANCES - - = ADDITIONAL - - - SUBTOTAL 98,180 STROAGE Neglected - - = = SAFETY FACTOR 3% 4910 ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT 103,090 SUPPLY DUCT SUPPLY DUCT HEAT GAIN 0.5% + LEAKAGE 0.5% + Fan 5% 6,190 HP OUTDOOR AIR BYPASSED 28 cmm 1c 20.4x0.15 1,540 EFFECTIVE ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT 110,800 LATENT HEAT . INFILTRATION 19.8 cm 0.006 50,000 5,940 PEOPLE 100 - 55 5,500 ‘STEAM - = = = APPLIANCES - = = = ADDITIONAL = eS = = VAPOUR TRANS - = S SUBTOTAL 11,440 SAFETY FACTOR 3% ‘70 ROOM LATENT HEAT 12,010 SUPPLY DUCT LEAKAGE LOSS 0.5% oo OUTDOOR AIR BYPASS! 28 cmm 0.006 $0,000x0.15 1,260 BFFECTIVE ROOM LATENT HEAT 13,330 EFFECTIVE ROOM TOTAL HEAT 124,130 _—_LOAD CALCULATIONS ITEM AREA OR SUN GAINOR FACTOR Ww QUANTITY TEMP. DIFF.OR HUMIDITY DIFP. QUTDOOR AIR TOTAL HEAT (on equipment) SENSIBLE 28mm 18 20.4x(1-0.15) 8,740 LATENT 28 cmm 0,006 ,000x(1-0.15) 7,140 RETURN %+RETURNDUCT %+PUMP % +DEUH.% — pucT LEAKAGE GAIN PIPE HEAT GAIN GAIN GRAND TOTAL HEAT 140,000