a) Levelling of

ground surface to
final gradient
 AUTO LEVEL
Used to establish or verify points in the same horizontal
plane.
Used in surveying and building with a vertical staff
Used to measure the height differences between two
points.
 Levelling Staff
Also called levelling rod.
It cannot be used without a leveling instrument.
A graduated wooden or aluminium rod.
b) Construction of 27-Storey High
Office Block.
Top-slewing Tower Crane
Also known as sectional tower crane, as they are
assembled from modular sections.
Used to hoist and place material and machinery at
construction sites.
Have a fixed tower and a slewing ring mounted at top.
 Although they require
longer duration to erect
and dismantle, but they
can be erected virtually
up to any height.

Suitable for high-rise

building.
C)PLACING OF
REINFORCEMENT
CAGES IN DIAPHRAGM
WALL
CRAWLER CRANE
equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be
used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally.
mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places.
is characterized by a different feature the track and propulsion system.
The track system is the base of the whole machine and provides the
equipment with stability of mobility.
is the choice of equipment for sites with uneven ground, all types of soil,
and any weather condition.
is an extra-strength crane version and perfect for any rough terrain sites.
 This requires one or two cranes for lifting and lowering activities as picture
below.
Reinforcement cages of lengths varying from 12m up to even 25m with
weights ranging between 10T to 25T can be lifted and lowered in single
piece.
However, depending on the availability of space and crane capacity,
reinforcement cages can be lifted and lowered in pieces and lapped during
lowering.
(D)CONSTUCTION OF SUB-BASE OF
RAILWAY TRACK.
Compactor
Also used for road/highway construction
Compacts the soil in construction of foundation
Smooth and even surface
 Combination Compactors
Compaction of asphalt base/sub-base courses
Vibratory system on the front drum for density requirement
Pneumatic tires in the rear to provide impermeability and
smoothness
 e) Delivery of precast
segments from casting yard
to proposed road bridge site
 Mobile Crane
Lift up the precast segment to trucks to deliver to site.
 Trucks
Deliver the precast segment from casting yard to the
sites.
 f) Erection of precast
segments from ground
to top of bridge
Segment Lifter

Segment lifters are designed to install segments that

weigh between 65 and 90 tonne.
A segment lifter is much easier to construct than a
launching truss and is more versatile.
Segment lifters are constructed from steelwork,
however a segment lifter is not required to span from
one pier to the next and consequently it does not
contain as much steel as the launching truss.
Two segment lifters work in tandem with its mirror
equivalent, with one lifter erecting in one direction from
Underslung launcher Gantry
Use of separate centre-beam to accommodate erection
of separate parallel double and triple tracks as well as
bifurcation spans.
Gantry can lift and adjust whole span in level and line
(vertical and transverse adjustment).
Overhead Launching Gantry
Side-launching of gantry to accommodate erection of
separate parallel double and triple tracks, as well as
bifurcation spans.
Vertical climbing of gantries to allow access for side
shifting to neighbouring bridges, and to accommodate
tight vertical curvature and steep longfall.
g) Site Clearing for Road Works in Remote Area

LOADERS

Used extensively to handle and transport bulk

materials, such as earth and rock, to load trucks, to
excavate earth (at or above its wheel/track level) and to
charge aggregate bins at asphalt and concrete plants
Wheel-tractor loader or crawler-tractor loader
BACKHOE-LOADERS
Have the combination of backhoe functions and loader
functions.
An excellent excavator for digging loosely packed moist
clay or sandy clay to hard clay.
Capable of working in unstable ground conditions due to
its four four-wheel-drive capability.
DOZERS
A tractor-powered unit that has a blade attached to its
front.
Designed to provide traction power for drawbar work.
Crawler dozers are excellent machines for land clearing.
SCRAPERS
Designed to load, haul and dump loose material.
Can push and scrape materials at the same time.
Suitable for wide range of material types.
Economical over a wide range of hauling distance and
conditions