Plastic, Polymers, and Rubber

Manufacturing

Group Name
Ivan Fadillah R.P 2315100132
Khurotul Ayunin 2315100133
Joey Deborah N 2315100146
 Polymers: Introduction
Polymer: High molecular weight molecule made up of a
small repeat unit (monomer).
A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A
Monomer: Low molecular weight compound that can
be connected together to give a poymer
Oligomer: Short polymer chain
Copolymer: polymer made up of 2 or more monomers
Random copolymer: A-B-B-A-A-B-A-B-A-B-B-B-A-A-B
Alternating copolymer: A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B
Block copolymer: A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B
O O O O
H
HO 4
OH H2N 4
NH2 HO N N
4
4
Adipic Acid 1,6-Diaminohexane Nylon 6,6 H H n
Amide
O O
H H
HO2C CO2H H2N NH2 HO N N H
Kevlar n
Terephthalic 1,4-Diamino
acid benzene
 PLASTIC PROPERTIES

Lightweight, specific gravity from 1.1 to 1.6

Moisture and corrosion resistance
Good Dielectric strength
Transparent or colored
good vibration damping
More malleable than metal
Lower strength than metals
No heat resistance and low dimensional stability
PLASTIC RAW MATERIALS

Various agricultural products

Mineral
Organic materials : - coal - limestone - Natural gas - silica -
Petroleum sulfur
Additional materials : - dye - Solvent - plastiser - Lubricants - filler
( Filler )
Materials - Plastics
Materials Plastics
Plastics are synthetic resinous substances that can be moulded with the help of
heat or pressure. There are two main classes of plastics:
Thermosetting plastics that can only be heated and be moulded once. If re-heated they
cannot soften.
Thermoplastics plastics that are moulded by heating and can be remoulded if heated
again. Thermoplastics soften when heated and can be shaped
when hot.Thermoplastic
The plastic will harden as it cools down. Thermoplastic uses
Thermoplastic Example outcomes
properties
Acrylics or Perspex Stiff, hard, shiny, brittle in Used for signs, key rings,
(Polymethyl small sections, durable, lighting, storage containers
Methacrylate) scratches easily, available
in different colours, good
electrical insulator

High impact polystyrene Light but strong plastic,
(HIPS) available in sheets in a
variety of thicknesses and
colours and softens at
about 95 degrees
Used for vacuum forming
and making outer casings
and packaging for products

Acetate Hard, shiny and Used in badge-making,

translucent/transparent packaging and for overhead
projector transparencies

Expanded polystyrene White, lightweight and Used for protective or

(styrofoam) crumbly insulating packaging
Materials - Plastics
Materials Plastics
Thermoplastic Thermoplastic
properties
Polypropylene (PP) Light, hard, flexible but
can scratch easily.
Durable to wear and has
good resistance to
chemicals
Low density Soft, flexible, good
polyethylene (LDPE) resistance to chemicals,
good electrical insulator,
tough
High density Hard, stiff and strong. Able
polyethylene (HDPE) to be sterilised
Corrugated plastic Lightweight, rigid and
weatherproof
Low-tack masking film Flexible and transparent
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Stiff, hard wearing, brittle
but can be treated to
make it softer and more
rubbery
Thermoplastic uses Example outcomes
Used for different kinds of
packaging, chairs,
gadgets, textiles and
automotive components
Used for packaging film,
carrier bags, bottles, toys
Used for plastic bottles,
tubing and household
equipment
Used for sign boards and
folders
Used to position sticky-
backed vinyl letters or
images onto a chosen
surface. Used for creating
signs, stencils and vehicle
signage
Used for blister packs,
window frames, records
and clothing
 Manufacturing
Involving 3 industries:
1. Oil refinery industry Naptha
Monomer
2. Petrochemical Plant Polymer
3. Plastic factory Product
 1. Oil Refinery
Industries

https://www.mitsui.com/jp/en/sogoshosha/vol4/page6.ht
 Contd..
..
Crude Furnace
Oil

Distillation

Crude Oil
Tank
Naptha
 Distillation

Fractional distillation is the

separation of a mixture into its
component parts, or fractions,
separating chemical compounds by
their boiling point by heating them to
a temperature at which one or more
fractions of the compound will
vaporize
Cracking

Cracking is the process whereby

complex organic molecules such as
kerosens or long chain
hydrocarbons are broken down into
simpler molecules such as light
hydrocarbons, by the breaking of
carbon-carbon bonds in the
precursors. This process might
require high temperatures and high
 2. Petrochemical
Industries
Polymerization

The polymerisation reaction is highly exothermic, and cooling is needed.

Unreacted ethene is recycled, and the molten polymer is converted to
granules ready for further processing and moulding. The polymer
produced by this process consists of chains of between 4,000 and 40,000
carbon atoms, with a relatively high degree of branching (up to 30
branches per 1000 carbon-atoms). The polymer chains cannot pack
together easily, and so the resulting plastic is easily moulded but not
Contd...
 3. Plastic
Industries
Plastic and Polymers
Forming
RUBBER ???
 RUBBER MANUFACTURE
Raw material:
1. Natural rubber, harvested in the form of the latex from the para rubber tree or others.
2. Synthetic rubbers such as SBR (Styrene Butadiene Rubber) and BR (Butadiene Rubber)

Nowadays synthetic rubber is widely used in industry because it resists oil and gas, and also can
still work on high temperature.
 RUBBER PRODUCTS
Products:
Natural rubber : rubber band, bubble gum
Synthetic rubber: rubber tubing for oil and gas, seals, conveyor. IR is used to
mix the manufacture of motor vehicle tires, pads electrical wiring, as well as
coating storage tanks oil or fat
RUBBER MANUFACTURE
 RUBBER MANUFACTURE PROCESS
1. Preparation
Natural rubber Synthetic rubber
-Latex purification Polymerization
-Slab formation using acetic or at this stage, there are three methods
formic acid in large vats used: emulsion, microemulsion, and
suspension polymerization
emulsion polimerization uses soap as the
emulsifier and potassium persulphate as
initiator.
suspension polimerization uses peroxide
and soluble stabilizer (methyl selulose,
gelatine, and sodium polyacrylate)

2. Isolation
The backbone polymers were isolated between two rollers, dried, and
cleaned. After this phase, the polymer is ready to be processed by a
compounder
3. Compounding (mixing) and milling
Adding sulfur to vulcanize it, pigments to color it, and other chemicals to
increase or diminish the elasticity.
Milling, heating the rubber and squeezing it flat in a milling machine.
 Cont'd

4. Extrusion / Forming / Premolding

Forcing the rubber out the certain shape. Excess rubber regularly
builds up around the head of each extruding machine, and this rubber
is cut off, collected, and placed back with the rubber going into the
milling machine.
5. Molding
Determine the final shape of the end product with a combination of
heat and pressure.
6. Flash Removal
Separate reminding material from the end product
7. Curing
Sometimes, at the molding stage not all the chemical processes can be
completed.
The tubes of rubber are forced over aluminum poles called mandrels,
which have been covered with talcum powder. The poles are loaded onto
racks that are steamed and heated in large machines
 Cont'd

8. Finishing & Inspection

Testing for modulus, elongation, break strength, and metal
content
9. Cleaning
All the process has been completed and the final product has
been obtained, the product is washed clean to remove dirt from
previous production process.
10. Packaging
Once the final product is clean and ready to be shipped / store,
it should be packaged to avoid contamination from the outside
environment.
THAN
K YOU