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Do Now

Write down three thing

you need to do to work
safely in a science
laboratory

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SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

Outcomes:
Understand that different materials require different amounts of energy to increase their
temperature.
Know the equation.
Be able to use the equation.
Be able to describe an experiment to measure heat capacity.

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 Copy this Glossary
absorber A material that takes in thermal radiation.
conduction The method of heat transfer in solids.
conductor A material that lets heat flow through it.
convection The method of heat transfer in fluids, which
occurs because hot fluids are less dense than cold fluids.
emitter A material that gives out thermal radiation.
free electrons Electrons in a metal that are free to move
through the metal.
heat transfer The flow of heat energy from a hotter area
to a colder area.
radiation Heat energy transferred by infrared waves.
This method of heat transfer does not need particles.

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How does energy affect materials?
Do different materials need the same amount of energy to
increase their temperature by the same amount?

To increase the To increase the

temperature of 1 kg temperature of 1 kg
of water by 1C, of copper by 1C,
requires 4200 J. requires 390 J.

Water and copper require different amounts of energy

because they have different values for a property called
specific heat capacity.
It is the amount of energy required to increase the
temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1C.
So, the specific heat capacity for water is 4200 J/kgC
and for copper is 390 J/kgC.

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What is specific heat capacity?
The specific heat capacity of a material is the amount of
energy required to raise 1 kg of the material by 1 C.
It can be used to work out how much energy is needed to
raise the temperature of a material by a certain amount:

energy = mass x specific heat x temperature

capacity change

Energy is measured in joules (J).

Mass is measured in kilograms (kg).
Temperature change is measured in C.
Specific heat capacity is measured in J/kg/C.

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Calculations using S.H.C.

Energy absorbed = Mass x Specific Heat capacity x Temp rise

J k J/kg/C C
g
The Mr McT equation

E = mcT
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For example

0.5 kg of olive oil is heated until its temperature rises

by 120 K. If the specific heat capacity of olive oil is
1970 J/kg/C, how much heat energy was used?

Energy absorbed = Mass x Specific Heat capacity x Temp rise

Energy absorbed = 0.5 x 1970 x 120

Energy absorbed = 118200 J

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Practical

A
12V V

A metal

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Go through Practical worksheet
Follow instructions.
Take measurements and do
calculations.
All students must complete the
lab sheet

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Measuring SHCs

Energy put IN to metal = voltage x current x time

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temp rise

voltage x current x time = mass x specific heat capacity x temp rise

Specific heat capacity = (voltage x current x time)/(mass x temp rise)

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Specific heat capacity example
Using the specific heat capacity
of water (4200 J/kgC), how much
energy is needed to increase the
temperature of 600 g of water by
80C in a kettle?

Note: mass = 600 g = 0.6 kg

energy = mass x specific heat x temperature

capacity change

energy = 0.6 x 4200 x 80

= 201 600 J

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 Do now
Specific heat
questions
Q5 June 2005

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Latent heat
 Learning today
Use the terms latent heat of fusion and
give a molecular interpretation of
latent heat

Describe an experiment to measure

specific latent heats for ice
Test Sunday 1st April 2012
I will collect your books on Monday
Latent Heat
 Latent heat
In a change of state experiment, from the graph you
will notice a flat spot the temperature of the salol
stopped changing as the salol changed from a liquid
to a solid.

Melting point
Temp
(C)

Time (mins)
Specific Latent heat
latent = hidden Why does
this
happen?
 Specific Latent heat - Copy
When a substance changes from solid to liquid or from liquid to
gas, it takes energy to change its state. Heat is needed to
break the bonds or separate the molecules. The temperature
remains the same. When a liquid changes
back to a solid energy is released again as the bonds form again.

liquid
Melting point
Temp
(C) solid
solid to liquid increasing their potential energy instead of raising the temperature (kinetic energy

Time (mins)
Specific Latent heat - copy
The specific latent heat of a substance
tells us how much energy is needed to
change the state of 1 kg of substance
at constant temperature.
Solid to liquid/liquid to solid
or
liquid to gas/gas to liquid
 Specific Latent Heat
The specific latent heat of fusion (melting) of ice at 0
C, for example, is 330000 J.kg-1. This means that to
convert 1 kg of ice at 0 C to 1 kg of water at 0 C,
330000 J of heat must be absorbed by the ice.

All at 0C
1 kg 1 kg

334000 J absorbed
 Specific Latent Heat
Conversely, when 1 kg of water at 0 C
freezes to give 1 kg of ice at 0 C, 330000 J
of heat will be released to the surroundings.

All at 0C
1 kg 1 kg

330000 J released
 Specific Latent Heat -Copy
Energy = mass x specific latent heat
J kg J/kg

E = mL
Specific Latent heat L
E=mL Do Now
question 1
page 119
 Learning today
Use the terms latent heat of fusion and
fusion and give a molecular interpretation
of latent heat
Describe an experiment to
measure specific latent heats for ice
and steam

Test Sunday 1st April 2012

I will collect your books Today
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
Experiment
Readings required
Energy supplied by heater
Energy = Power x time
Time =
Energy = VIt
Mass of water
E = mL

Latent heat = Energy supplied

. mass of water
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
Experiment
Energy = Power x time
Time =
Energy = VIt =

Mass of water =

E = mL
L = E /m
Latent heat = Energy supplied
. mass of water
 Task- Evaluation
What are the limitations in our method?
What solutions can you think of?
Why do we wait until the water is
dripping?
Does all the heat come from the heater?
Does all the ice remain in the funnel?
Now do Q4 Nov 2005
 Markscheme
4 (a)
turn on heater and wait until water starts dripping in beaker
empty beaker & replace, start watch
stop watch & remove beaker at same time
record time
find and record mass of water in beaker

(b) 60 x t = 120 x 340 t = 680 s

(c) (i) ice gains heat from surroundings/ice falls through funnel

(ii) lag or fit lid to funnel/place gauze in funnel bottom

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
Experiment
Latent heat
Now do
Nov 2005
Q5
 Specific Latent Heat of
Vaporisation - Copy
For water at its normal boiling point of 100 C, the latent
specific latent heat of vaporisation is 2260000 J/kg. This
means that to convert 1 kg of water at 100 C to 1 kg of
steam at 100 C, 2260000 J of heat must be absorbed by
the water. vice verse for vapour to liquid

All at 100C
1 kg 1 kg

2260000 J input
 Specific Latent Heat of
Vaporisation
Conversely, when 1 kg of steam at 100
C condenses to give 1 kg of water at
100 C, 2260 kJ of heat will be released
to the surroundings.

All at 100C
1 kg 1 kg

2260000 J released
Specific Latent Heat of Steam
Latent Heat
 Specific Latent Heat -Copy
Energy = mass x specific latent heat
J kg J/kg

E = mL