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pH is a measure of
proton (hydrogen ion or
H+) concentration .
In biology, keeping H+
levels within a narrow
range is critically
important.
Acids and Bases
glucose
amino acids
fat
Some Useful
Nomenclature
In Biology, Shape Matters
Its not just chemical formula, its the shape of the molecule that lets it
do its job.
Once again, shape matters. Its the good fit between odorant and
receptor molecule that lets us detect aromas.
Molecules of Life
How do you build a cell?
Note the way complex macromolecule are built by linking simple repeating units.
Carbohydrates are Central Players
in Energy Production and Storage
Lipids are Hydrophobic Molecules That Exist In Three Primary Forms
Sterol
Phospholipid
Fat
Fats Are Made By Linking Fatty Acid Chains to
Glycerol, a Three Carbon Molecule
Space-filling model
of a fat
A fatty acid
Fats are Used in Energy Storage and
Production
The Degree
Of
Saturation
In A Fat
Affects Its
Physical
And
Nutritional
Properties
monounsaturated
Estrogen, testosterone,
progesterone, and
corticosteriods (cortisol) are
all steroid hormones.
Sterols As Hormones
The hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic tails are the keys to phospholipid
function.
Hydrophilic Head Group And Hydrophobic Tails Are The Keys To
Phospholipid Function
Since proteins are the key players of the cell, it follows that
protein structure determines cell function.
Some of the Diverse Functions of Proteins
Strands of the Protein Keratin Create Hair
Proteins are Linear Chains of Linked Amino Acids
A Common
Thread and a
Unique
Identity
Amino Acids, Peptide Bonds, Polypeptides, Protein
Peptide bonds
DNA
Nucleotides are
DNA and RNA
Building Blocks
Nucleotides are Important in Their Own Right