5 MA J OR REFRIGERATION

TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENTS
NITHIN JOJI S 1527523
SUJITHA R 1527655
MANJUTHA D 1527641
VA R A N A S I A PA R N A C H A N D R I K A 1 5 2 7 5 5 9
 MAGNETIC
REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM
 THE PRINCIPLE BEHIND MRS
Magnetic refrigeration is based on theMagnetocaloric
Effect(MCE).

The MCE implies that the temperature of suitable materials

(Magnetocaloric Materials, MCM)increases when they are
exposed to a magnetic fieldanddecreases when they
are removed from it, that is, the effect isreversibleand
almostinstantaneous.
WORKING OF MRS
 WHY MRS IS SUSTAINABLE?
Theenvironmental challengevia a gas-free solution.
Theeconomic challengeby reducing energy consumption
and increasing the efficiency.
 BENEFITS OF MRS
Energy savings up to 50%
Refrigeration accounts for 17% of the global electric consumption. Magnets are
permanent and do not require an energy source to operate.
No Refrigerant Gas
The Magnetic Refrigeration System does not use any refrigerant gas and is not
affected by the regulations challenging the use of refrigerants (F-gas, SNAP policy).
By 2030, refrigeration and air conditioning will account for about 13% of the global
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Cost Reduction
Magnetic Cooling requires alow level of maintenance(low rotational speed, low
pressure, no leaks and no hazardous chemicals) which lowers the operational
cost for the end user.
Safety
Thanks to a low pressure system, the MRS ensures a better safety for End-Users.
The absence of refrigerant gas protects the users from hazardous leaks.
Reduced noise and vibrations
The Magnetic Refrigeration System operates with a low noise level (less than 35db)
 CHALLENGES
Supply of magnetocaloric materials, which are scarce,viability

Fabrication process is not yet optimised ,production costs are still high.

The current market development is not fully mature.

THERMOELECTRIC
REFRIGERATION
 THERMOELECTRIC REFRIGERATION
Thermoelectric refrigeration is one of the techniques used for
producing refrigeration effect.
It is based on the Peltier Effect- one of the thermoelectric
effects.
If direct current is passed through a pair of
dissimilar metals there is heating at one junction, cooling at
other depending upon material combinations.
Application: CCD cameras (charge coupled device), laser
diodes, microprocessors, blood analyzers and portable, picnic
coolers, food preservation applications & cooling of
pharmaceutical products.
 COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL COOLING
SYSTEM:

Conventional refrigeration systems use Chloro Fluoro Carbons

(CFCs) and Hydro Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as heat carrier
fluids.
Use of such fluids in conventional refrigeration systems has a
great concern of environmental degradation and resulted in
extensive research into development of novel Refrigeration and
air conditioning technologies.
ADVANTAGES OF THERMOELECTRIC MODULES
No moving parts
Small and lightweight
Maintenance-free
Acoustically silent and electrically quiet
Heat or cool by changing direction of current flow
Wide operating temperature range
Highly precise temperature control (to within 0.1C),
Operation in any orientation,
Zero gravity and high G- levels
Environmentally friendly and Sub-ambient cooling.
 S T E A M J ET
R E F R I G E R ATI O N
 S T E A M J E T R E F R I G E R ATI O N

This system uses the principle of boiling the water below 1000 C.
If the pressure on the surface of the water is reduced below
atmospheric pressure, water can be made boil at low
temperatures. Water boils at 60 C, when the pressure on the
surface is 5 cm of Hg and at 100 C, when the pressure is 6.5 cms
of Hg.
The very low pressure or high vacuum on the surface of the water
can be maintained by throttling the steam through jets or nozzles.
WORKING OF STEAM JET
REFRIGERATOR
 ADVANTAGES
It is flexible in operation; cooling capacity can be easily and quickly
changed.
It has no moving parts as such it is vibration free.
It can be installed out of doors.
The weight of the system per ton of refrigerating capacity is less.
The system is very reliable and maintenance cost is less.
The system is particularly adapted to the processing of cold water used
in rubber mills,, distilleries, paper mills, food processing plants, etc.
This system is particularly used in air-conditioning installations, because
of the complete safety of water as refrigerant and ability to adjust
quickly to load variations and no hazard from the leakage of the
refrigerant.
 DISADVANTAGES
The use of direct evaporation to produce chilled water is
usually limited as tremendous volume of vapor is to be
handled.
About twice as much heat must be removed in the condenser
of steam jet per ton of refrigeration compared with the vapor
compression system.
The system is useful for comfort air-conditioning, but it is not
practically feasible for water temperature below 40 C.
LIQUID NITROGEN
R E F R I G E R ATI O N
(LIN)
 LIQUID NITROGEN REFRIGERATION
(LIN)
LIN is an effective and convenient method of refrigeration due
to its availability, low cost and inert properties
Its a practical cryogen due to its low boiling point
temperatures of (-195.8C)
High refrigeration capacity at low pressure
Even at elevated pressures, the thermal properties of LIN make
it an effective method to rapidly cool processes to low
temperatures
 CYROPELLETIZATION
This is a low temperature technique for manufacturing pellets
that are most often spherical in shape
Size ranges from 0.5 mm to 5 mm in diameter
Used on heat sensitive materials like bacterial cultures and
probiotics
This flash freezes materials and is used to prevent separation
of components in the solution
LIN REFRIGERATION METHODS
 DRY ICE
REFRIGERATION
 DRY ICE REFRIGERATION
Solid Carbon dioxide (CO2) is called dry ice and it has a peculiar
characteristics that it changes from solid state to vapour state
without getting converted into intermediate liquid state
(sublimation).
The sublimation temperature of dry ice at atmospheric
pressure is -78C.
Dry ice is used to preserve foodstuff during transportation. Now
a days it is universally used to preserve food in air-
transportation.
Dry ice slabs are usually packed in frozen food cartons on
either side or on the top of the food packages, dry ice absorbs
heat from the foodstuff and preserve them in the frozen state.
DRY ICE REFRIGERATION
THANK YOU!!!!!!