PERANCANGAN ALAT PROSES

Design Basics

Types of design based on the purposes:

1. Design to find quickly the equipment price; usually
using graph, table, empirical equations, etc.
ex.: price of distillation column = f (D, tray space,
material construction)
Design Basics

Types of design based on the purposes:

2. Design to build up the equipment that runs well (as its
function)
Using analytical calculations based on chemical eng.
tools related to the process

3. Design to build up the equipment that runs well (as its

function), and is economically optimum
4. Detailed design
Size/Dimension of Equipment

The size of equipment is designed or chosen based on the

existing standard sizes
Reasons: cheaper, ready stock, its guaranteed to run well,
easy maintenance

If the size is out of the standard size:

- Must order
- More expensive
- Limited stock
Job of Designer

Jobs of designer: to design the equipments

specification, initially preliminary specification, then is
completed as final specification

Preliminary specification includes: identification (name of

equipment), function, operation (batch or continuous),
basic design data (main dimensions, etc.), materials
handled (materials which are processed), utilities, control
system, insulation, tolerances (standard sizes
permitted), comments and drawing (location and draft of
equipments design)
Basic design data include: capacity, main dimensions,
operating conditions (T, P),

Materials handled: the materials to be processed together

with their physical properties such as composition, flow
rate, temperature, specific gravity, etc.
Design Variable

Designing equipment requires design equation/s

Design equation = the relationship between/among the

variables that get involved in the studied system, which is
derived analytically using chemical engineering tools, or
empirically using related experimental data
Design Variable

In the equipment design, the variables are classified into 2:

1.Equipment variables, include: type of equipment,
dimensions, material construction, etc.

2.Operating/process variables, include: temperature, pressure,

composition, types of material, heat to be transferred, etc.
The process variables are divided into 2, intensive
variable (independent on the amount of material), ex. T, P,
composition; extensive variable (dependent on the amount of
material), ex: mass flow rate, velocity, debit
Chemical Engineering Tools
The chemical engineering tools inclued:
- Mass balance
- Heat/energy balance
- Rate processes: mass transfer, heat transfer, momentum
transfer, and chemical reaction kinetics)
- Equilibrium: phase/physical equilibrium, chemical
equilibrium
- Economics
- Humanity
Degree of Freedom

Degree of freedom represents how many variables that a

designer can design as he/she wants

Ex. Nv = number of variables in the system

Nc = number of equations
If : Nc > Nv, wrong analysis
Nc = Nv, perfect design in which every variable can be
calculated
Nc < Nv, frequently happens,
Nv Nc = number of degree freedom
Degree of Freedom

Degree of freedom may be reduced due to the followings:

-The variable is fixed by process
-The variable is fixed by surrounding

The final degree of freedom is called design variable