Presentation

on

Development of
Scramjet Engines
By
B.UDAY
BABU
13241A031
0
 What is A Scramjet Engine?

A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) engine is variant of a

ramjet air breathing combustion jet engine in which the
combustion process takes place in supersonic airflow.

As in ramjet, a scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to forcefully

compress and decelerate the incoming air before combustion
(hence called ramjet), but whereas a ramjet decelerates the air
to subsonic velocities before combustion, airflow in a scramjet is
supersonic throughout the entire engine.
 COMPONENTS OF SCRAMJET
ENGINE
The scramjet is composed of three basic components :

1) A Converging Inlet, where incoming air is

compressed and decelerated.
2) A Combustor, where gaseous fuel is burned with
atmospheric oxygen to produce heat.
3) A Diverging Nozzle, where the heated air is
accelerated to produce thrust.
 In scramjets, the engine inlet is designed so it doesnt create as
much compression as in ramjet, allowing the air to zip through the
engine at supersonic speeds.

The simplest type of air breathing engine is the scramjet engine and
simplified sketch of engine is given in figure.
 PRINCIPLE OF WORKING
Hot air flows in the combustion chamber and at this
moment the propellant i.e. hydrogen (having a very low
ignition temperature) are injected by the injector in the
combustor, where it gets self ignited within a
millisecond and the combustion process is carried out at
supersonic speed.
The fresh air supply to the diffuser builds up a pressure
at the diffuser so that these burned gases cannot
expand towards the diffuser. Instead the gases are
made expand in combustor towards tail engine hence
providing the required thrust.
 ADVANTAGES

Does not have to carry oxygen.

No rotating parts, makes it easier to manufacture.

Less weight and simple design.

As the hydrogen is used as a propellant combustion is carried out

at supersonic velocity with the help of oxygen from the
atmosphere. As a result of that, steam is being exhaust gas which
is eco-friendly in nature.
 DISADVANTAGES

A scramjet cannot produce efficient thrust unless

boosted to high speed, around Mach 5.

As a result an additional propulsion systems are

required.

Testing difficulties.
 The fastest air-breathing plane is a SCRAM jet
design, the NASA X-43A which reach Mach 9.8.
 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Hyper-X Scramjet
A new program, called Hyper-X, was launched
by NASA. The goal is to build working
jet airplanes that use a clever combination of
ramjet, scramjet, and rocket engines to reach
sufficient speeds to achieve orbit around the
earth. These planes would be conventional
rocket engines to get started and then switch
over to ramjet power at Mach 2 or 3, and then
scramjet power at about Mach 5.
Hyshot Scramjet

The university of Queensland in

Australia launched a hyrevolutionary
engine that could bone day propel
airliner at 8000 km/hr or more.
Avatar Scramjet

AVTAR stands for Aerobic

Vehicle for Advanced Trans
Atmospheric Research.
AVTAR is the hyperplane
concept that had been
developed by India, through
support from the DRDO .