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SYSTEM
Submitted by
JAGADEESH KUMAR
1602-14-744-005
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
COMPARATOR
MICROCONTROLLER
CONTROL UNIT
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
BRIEFING
Irrigation is the artificial application of water
to the land or soil.
It is used to assist in the growing of
agricultural crops, maintenance of
landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed
soils in dry areas and during periods of
inadequate rainfall.
irrigation also has a few other uses in crop
production, which include protecting plants
against frost.
TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS
Surface Irrigation
Drip Irrigation
Sprinkler Irrigation
PROBLEMS
OverIrrigation.
UnderIrrigation
Farm Lands & Fields situated miles away from
your home. Extensive travel required,
sometimes several times in a day to start &
stop the irrigation water pumps.
Land is more, we need more manpower.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
MOISTURE SENSOR
For conversion of change in resistance to change in voltage, the sensor is
connected with a 200 k resistor in series to form a potential divider
arrangement
The voltage output is taken from the output terminal of this circuit. The
moisture sensor is immersed into the specimen soil whose moisture
content is under test.
COMPARATOR
For the comparator circuit, we are using IC LM 358 which has two
opamps.
We have selected two thresholds: 5 V for logic high and 3 V for logic low.
These two levels are set at the positive terminal of each opamp. The
output of the potential divider is given to the negative terminals of the
opamps.
The two opamps are arranged such that when the output of the potential
divider circuit falls below the preset value of lower opamp the lower
opamp gives logic 0 and the upper opamp gives logic 1.
When the output of potential divider circuit is in between range (5 V and
3V), then both opamps give logic 1 and when output of potential divider
circuit is above the set value of upper opamp, then the upper opamp
gives logic 0 and lower opamp gives logic 1.
The output of the comparator circuit is fed to SR Latch
COMPARATOR
S.no VOLTAGE SOIL LOGIC LOGIC OF
RANGE CONDITION OF OPAMP OPAMP2
1 (UPPER) (LOWER)
1 >5V EXCESS 0 1
WET
2 >3V & < 5V OPTIMUM 1 1
3 <3V DRY 1 0
SR LATCH