AZHAR MAHMOOD

ROLL NO 225
EVENING [B]
FAULTS OF INDIAN PLATE
Muzaffarabad Fault
Jhelum fault
Sagaing Fault
Kalabagh Fault
Chaman Fault
Balakot Fault
MBT Fault
MKT Fault
Harnai Fault
Ornach-Nal Fault
 Pakistan Geology
Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the
Indianand theEurasiantectonic plateswhere
itsSindhandPunjabprovinces lie on the north-
western corner of the Indian plate while
Balochistanand most of theKhyber-
Pakhtunkhwalie within the Eurasian plate which
mainly comprises theIranian plateau, some
parts of theMiddle EastandCentral Asia. The
Northern AreasandAzad Kashmirlie mainly in
Central Asia along the edge of the Indian plate
and hence are prone to violentearthquakes
where the two tectonic plates collide.
 Muzaffarabad Fault

Muzaffarabad fault occurred between the

late Cambrian Abbottabad Formation and
the Miocene Murree Formation from
Balakot to Muzaffarabad city which is a
major unconformity, while from
Muzaffarabad city to Bagh through Chikar
it runs within the Murree Formation
 Muzaffarabad Fault
The city of Muzaffarabad lies close to the
junction of two active faults, the
Muzaffarabad Thrust and the Jhelum
Fault. The former is responsible for the
deadly
earthquake of October 08, 2005; whereas
the Jhelum Fault has been relatively
inactive
in the recent past.
Jhelum Fault
Jhelum Fault is a NS oriented upright strike slip
fault, marking the southern
continuation of western limb of Hazara
Kashmir Syntaxis from Muzaffarabad
In the mapped area the Murree Formation is
exposed to the east of Jhelum Fault and is
found only in the axial zone of the Hazara
Kashmir Syntaxis
After crossing Chathar area in Muzaffarabad,
Jhelum Fault runs parallel to the Jhelum
River in N-S direction and exhibits a sharp
contact at most of its exposures
 Sagaing Fault
theSagaing Fault, a 1500 km long
tectonic fault that passes through the
cities of Nay Pyi Taw (Myanmar's capital
since 2007), Bago, Sagaing and
Mandalay, and close to Yangon, formerly
known as Rangoon
Geomorphic expression of the Sagaing Fault: 6
km long elongate pressure ridge, part of a
system of ridges bounded by the active fault
forcing the Ayeyawady River to flow
straight.View from the Indian plate side (west)
 Kalabagh Fault
The 120-km-long Kalabagh fault zone is
formed by transpressive right-lateral
strike-slip along the western Salt Range
Kalabagh fault indicate 1214 km of
middle to late Quaternary right-lateral
offset western Salt Range
CHAMAN FAULT

TheChaman Faultis a major, active

geological faultin Pakistan andAfghanistanthat
runs for over 850 km.[1]Tectonically, it is actually
a system of related geologic faults that separates
theEurasian Platefrom theIndo-Australian Plate.
It is a terrestrial, primarilytransform,left-lateral
strike-slip fault
The Chaman fault system has acompressional
componentas theIndian Plateis colliding with
the Eurasian Plate. This type of plate boundary is
sometimes called a transpressional boundary
 Chaman Fault
From the south, the Chaman fault starts
at thetriple junctionwhere the
Arabian Plate, theEurasian Plateand the
Indo-Australian Platemeet, which is just
off theMakran Coastof Pakistan. The
fault tracks northeast acrossBalochistan
and then north-northeast into
Afghanistan, runs just to the west of
Kabul,
 Balakot Fault

Balakot Fault at the western limb of the

Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis and the Raikot-
Sassi Fault at the western limb of the
Nanga Parbat Syntaxis
 Main Mantle Thrust
Rocks south of the Main Mantle Thrust
(MMT) in Swat, Pakistan consist
predominantly of Precambrian to
Paleozoic granitic gneisses and
metasedimentary rocks that represent
the deformed and metamorphosed
northern margin of the Indian
subcontinent
 .

Karakoram Fault
TheKarakoram faultis an
oblique-slip faultsystem in theHimalaya
region acrossIndiaand Asia
The creation of the Karakoram fault
started with the closing of the ancient
Tethys oceanseaway which once
separated the two modern continents of
Asia and India