Descriptive Research:

Survey

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. Deepika Upadhyaya Anjali Sharma

Department of Management Studies

Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer
Content
Introduction of Survey
Example of Survey
Survey methods
Questionnaire
Type of questions
Personal Interview
Telephone Interview
 Survey
Definition: Survey is a technique of descriptive research
that is used to determine the opinions of a specified
population.
Basically Surveys are method of data collection in which
information is gathered through oral or written
questioning.
Examples:
The 15th Indian Census which was conducted on 1st
April 2010 by Government of India.
Various Polls at the time of Elections.
Census Survey form of India
 Survey Methods
Types of Survey

No direct contact to Direct contact to

respondent respondent

Questionnaire Personal Interview Telephone Interview

 Questionnaire
This type of descriptive research uses the questions as
research tool for data collection.
Basically Questionnaire is usually a paper & pencil tool in
which various type of questions are asked to respondent by
the researcher .
In this, results are simply dependent
up on what people say, do, believe, like,
dislike etc.
It is most frequently used in this type of
research.
Types of Questions:
Question
Content

Open-ended Close-ended

Multiple
Dichotomous Scales
Responses
 Open Ended Questions
An open-ended question is designed to encourage a full,
meaningful answer using the respondent's own knowledge
or feelings.
Open-ended questions are also known as unstructured
questions or free-response or free-answer questions.
Open-ended questions typically begin with words such as
"Why" and "How", or phrases such as "Tell me about...".
Often they are not technically a question, but a statement
which asks for a response.
 Close-ended Questions
This type of questions often takes the form of
ranking, scaled items or categorical responses.
In this format Multiple choice questions are
given, where respondents are restricted to
choose among any of the given multiple choice
answers.
This is further divided in three types of
questions.
Dichotomous Questions: These questions have
restrictive alternatives and provide the
respondents only with two answers. These
could be yes or no, like or dislike, similar
or different, married or unmarried etc.
Multiple-choice Questions: In this type of questions
respondent is given a number of response
alternatives. He might be asked to choose the
one that is most applicable.
Scale Questions: These type of questions are classify in
terms of their level of measurement. In this the respondents
are asked to rank order their preferences by using
an ordinal question.
Example of open ended questions:

How would you evaluate the work done by the present government?
What is your reaction to this new custard powder?
I like Nescafe because _______________________.

Example of Dichotomous questions:

Are you diabetic Yes/No

What kind of cola do you drink? Normal/Diet
Your working hours in the
organization are Fixed/Flexible
Example of Multiple Response question:
How much do you spend on grocery products?
Less than Rs 2500/-
Between Rs 2500-5000/-
More than Rs 5000/-
Example of Scales:
Existing systems are very effective.

Very Somewha Not much Not at all

much t Neutral agree agree
agree agree
 Personal Interview
It is same as the questionnaire but all the questioning is
done orally instead of writing.
In this case response rate is higher than questionnaire but
sample which is used is smaller than questionnaire.
Easier to explain questions.
It is very time consuming and expensive.
 Telephone Interview
Telephone interview have the same structural
characteristics as normal interviewing technique, except
that it is conducted by telephone.
It is less time consuming with moderate cost.
It has higher response rate than personal interview.
It has the risk of Broken-off interviews.
Thank you