Tidort, Aarin White and Tuwanna Jones Table of Content What are lipids Phospholipids Functions of lipids What is Obesity Importance of lipids Pictures of Obesity Groups of Lipids Relationship between Picture of groups of triglycerides and lipids Obesity Triglycerides Pictures of triglycerides Importance of and Obesity Triglycerides Conclusion Structure of Bibliography Triglycerides What are Lipids Lipids are molecules which consist of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They have many non- polar covalent bonds They are also hydrophobic meaning it doesnt mix with water. Lipids molecules are held together by Van Der Waals forces. Functions of Lipids Fats, oils, waxes and phospholipids are lipids Fats and oils are used to make energy for e.g. plants store food energy as oils in seeds and fruits Animals having a limited capacity of carbohydrates, readily convert excess sugar into fats. The fats and oils contain more energy-rich carbon-hydrogen bonds than carbohydrates thus having more energy. The importance of Lipids to humans Lipids act as an electrical insulation in the myelin sheaths on nerve cells. Lipids have fats and oil on the surface of skin to repel water. It is a good source of energy for muscles and the body, it is the building blocks from which hormones and bile acids are made. It is an important component of the nervous system We wouldnt be able to digest or absorb food properly without lipids. The bile acids produced from the lipids allow fat and water to mix in our intestine to aid in digestion. They also needed to transport fat soluble vitamins A,D,E and K. Groups of Lipids The two groups of lipids are triglycerides and phospholipids. They the both have the same basic structure with glycerol and three attached units. The units are fatty acids Pictures of group of lipids What are Triglycerides Triglyceride is another name for fat and oil molecules. The bonds are formed by condensation reactions where the water molecule is removed. A triglyceride molecule is made of a backbone of glycerol, to which three fatty acids are attached by ester bonds. Some triglycerides have three identical fatty acids and Importance of Triglycerides Triglycerides are excellent energy storage molecules. They are stored in this special fat tissue called Adipose in animals and as oil droplets in plants. The layers of adipose tissue under the skin also provide a barrier to heat loss and act as thermal insulation Blubber is a thick layer of fat found under the skin of marine mammals such as whales. It helps reduce the loss of body heat. Structure of Triglycerides Triglycerides are non-polar. Which means, there is no even distribution of charge within the molecules. They do not form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and therefore do not dissolve in water- they are hydrophobic The lengths of the fatty acid chain determines the physical properties of the fat (melting point). The saturated and unsaturated also affects the physical properties Phospholipids Phospholipids play an important structural role in cellular membranes. In phospholipids, the third carbon of the glycerol molecule has a phosphate and nitrogen group attached. The phosphate group is negatively charged. A phospholipid is composed of glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate part. The phosphate part is soluble in water, while the fatty acids are insoluble in water. The molecule has a hydrophilic (water liking) and hydrophobic (water hating) region. What is Obesity Obesity is a medical condition in which the body stores excess amounts of fats. It is commonly caused by the consumption of excess dietary calories. It can be controlled by exercise and a healthy diet. Obesity can cause illnesses such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Also caused by the consumption of high energy foods such as carbohydrates and fats and are more likely to cause problems. The extra fat such as carbohydrate and protein or alcohol can be converted into body fat. Pictures of Obesity Relationship between triglycerides and obesity. Triglycerides are actually pre-fat chemical compounds which are created in the body when it has more calories than it needs. So these can be considered as the reserved energy stores in our body, then they are transformed into fat molecules and stored within the body if not used soon. Constantly accumulating fat makes a person become overweight and later obese if left uncontrolled. A person who is obese has triglyceride levels as high as 2000 mg/dl or even higher. The triglyceride level often rises because of a disease Relationship between triglycerides and obesity. (Contd) Fat levels will rise in your diet if it contains large amount of oily and fried foods along with sweets and carbohydrates. The key is to monitor the amount of calories in order to reduce triglycerides (which aids in loosing weight) is by replacing unhealthy, saturated fats found in red meat and fries with unsaturated omega fats found in fish oil, fish fat and oils from coconut. Excess consumption of beer or any alcoholic drink can make you obese as well. This is because the alcohol boosts ones blood triglyceride levels, which makes it an obstacle on Pictures of Triglycerides and Obesity Conclusion In conclusion phospholipids and triglycerides are the main factors in a lipid. Lipids are non polar covalent bonds which essentially important to humans and are vital for proper function of the body and all systems and organs within. The consumption of too much fatty foods is what raises your triglyceride level hence making a person become obese. Bibliography Biology for cape examinations (Claire Durant) www.googleimages.com Cambridge international A/AS-Level Biology Revision Guide (Mary Jones) Biological Science 1&2 (D.J Taylor, N.P.O Green, G.W Stout, R.Soper) A Caribbean Examinations Council Study Guide (Nelson Thornes) Triglycerides.me/what-causes-high- triglycerides/obesity Mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood- cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/ART-20048186 THANKS FOR WATCHING ~THE END~