Assessment of Ambient Air Quality

in the State of Kuwait

Al-Ahmadi city

Mekeya Alenizi
Osamah Alomair
Mohamed Hamed
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Outline
Outline
Objective

Scope of Work
Data

Result

Conclusion
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Objective
Al-Ahmadi city ambient air quality assessment by measuring;

SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, Particulate matter (PM10, Ozone, CH4,

Non-methane hydrocarbons (NCH4), BTEX (Benzene.
Toulene, Ethylb, Oxyle)

Metrological factors (winds speed, wind direction, and

solar radiation

Establish a relation b/w these pollutants and seasons

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Scope of work
An air pollution monitoring station was placed in Al-Ahmadi city for
the whole year.
A measurement of each pollutants under study was taken at five
minutes span.
The study also presents a descriptive statistics of the data.
The pollutant behavior is explained by various detailed charts.
Both summer and winter seasonal effects on each pollutant behavior
are also tried to investigate.
A correlation matrix was created to study the relation between the
pollutants.
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Data descriptive statistics

Mean St. Err. Range Max. Count
PM10 (mg/m3) 140 1.7 415.2 4389.6 8629
BENZEN(ppb) 0.7 0.0 19.3 74.8 8623
TOLUEN(ppb) 1.9 0.0 10.3 96.3 8635
ETHYLB (ppb) 0.0 0.0 61.8 46.2 8533
MPXY (ppb) 0.1 0.0 33.5 30.0 8599
OXYLE (ppb) 0.1 0.0 12.2 27.0 8538
THC (ppm) 1.2 0.0 24.9 7.9 8492
CH4 (ppm) 1.9 0.0 16.0 4.6 8495
NCH4 (ppb) 583.2 3.9 10372.4 6.9 8493
O3 (ppb) 15.8 0.1 33.4 50.9 8681
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Data descriptive statistics

Mean St. Err. Range Max. Count

CL2 (ppb) 7.8 0.0 675.7 314.9 8015
SO2 (ppb) 7.0 0.0 27.9 20.4 8600
H2S (ppb) 3.2 0.0 13.0 5.3 8594
NO (ppb) 20.7 0.3 162.5 470.0 8624
NOX (ppb) 27.5 0.7 245.5 260.0 8649
NO2 (ppb) 45.00 0.2 32.6 112.4 8640
NH3(ppb) 20.6 0.0 96.1 208.9 8294
CO(ppm) 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.3 8623
CO2 (ppm) 92.7 0.4 304.1 346.3 8592
TEMP (C) 19.1 0.1 8.1 7.2 8556
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CHARTS
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Pollutants over the year (Hourly average)

SO2 NO NOX NO2 CO CH4 NCH4 O3 CO2
2.500 390

380

2.000
370

360
1.500

350
ppm
1.000
340

330
0.500

320

0.000 310
0 5 10 15 20

Hours of the day

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Pollutants over the winter (Hourly average)

SO2 NO NOX NO2 CO CH4 NCH4 O3 CO2
2.5 400

390

2
380

370
1.5

360
ppm
1
350

340
0.5

330

0 320
0 5 10 15 20

Hours of the day

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Pollutants over the summer (Hourly average)

SO2 NO NOX NO2 CO CH4 NCH4 O3 CO2
2.5 380

370
2

360

1.5
350

ppm
340
1

330

0.5
320

0 310
0 5 10 15 20

Hours of the day

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Particulate matter over the year (Hourly average)

200

180

160

140

120

mg/m3 100

80

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20

Hours of the day

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Particulate matter over winter (Hourly average)

200

180

160

140

120

mg/m3 100

80

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20

Hours of the day

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Particulate matter over summer (Hourly average)

300

250

200

mg/m3 150

100

50

0
0 5 10 15 20

Hours of the day

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Results

Air Quality Index (AQI)

One of the main tools to assess the ambient air quality is the Air
Quality Index (AQI) which is calculated as follow:

I high I low
I C Clow I low
Chigh Clow
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Significant pollutants Air Quality Index (AQI)

Air Quality Health Effect
Polluta
Mean Health Effects Cautionary
nt Index Status Sensitive Groups
Statements Statements

SO2 7.0 10 Good People with asthma none none

People with asthma or

38.0 other respiratory
NO2 45.00 Good
diseases, the elderly,
none none
0
and children

Unusually, Unusually
sensitive people sensitive people
140.0 Moderat People with respiratory should consider should consider
PM10 91 e disease reducing reducing
0
prolonged or prolonged or
heavy exertion. heavy exertion.

People with heart

CO 0.2 11 Good
disease
none none

0.015 Children and people

O3 0 Good
with asthma
none none
8
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Significant pollutants Hazard Index (HI)

Mean AAQS* HI

SO2 (ppb) 7.0

65.00 0.11
NO2 (ppb) 45.00
53.00 0.85
PM10 (g/m3) 140.00
150.00 0.93
CO (ppb) 0.2
9000.00 0.00
O3 (ppb) 0.0158
75.00 0.00
Overall HI > 1, hence the health of
Al-Ahmadi city residents is at risk. Overall HI 1.89
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Pollutant Correlation matrix
SO2 NO NOX NO2 PM10 CO CH4 NCH4 O3 CO2

SO2 1

NO 0.11 1

NOX 0.14 0.97 1

NO2 0.20 0.44 0.69 1

PM10 -0.06 0.00 -0.04 -0.10 1

CO 0.02 0.64 0.6 0.47 -0.08 1

6
CH4 -0.04 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.25 1

NCH4 0.08 0.46 0.48 0.30 -0.07 0.35 0.14 1

O3 -0.05 -0.25 -0.32 -0.38 -0.16 -0.16 0.03 -0.06 1

CO2 0.08 0.55 0.5 0.48 -0.02 0.39 0.20 0.30 -0.22 1

9
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Conclusion
1. The levels particulate matter is an important issue in Al Ahmadi city
and proper mitigation protocols must need to be applied.
2. Generally, there is a deviation in the levels of pollutants between
summer and winter time.
3. The higher levels in summer might be attributed to the significant
increase in power consumption.
4. The temporal effects also show some peaks during Rush hours which
points to the traffic as a major source of pollution.
5. There is a high variance of the data due to the difference between the
sources of each pollutant, and different activities that may lead to the
increase of that pollutant.
6. However, metrological factors and phenomena like peak of NCH4
during evening time needs further study and detailed investigation.
7. This paper is going to be a pilot study for further investigations
regarding the aforementioned issues and covering wider areas in the
state of Kuwait.
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THANK YOU