HEATING,

VENTILATING, AIR
CONDITIONING
NATURE OF HEAT FLOW
LICAO, GABRIEL BRYAN
 CONDUCTION

the process by which heat is directly transmitted through

a substance when there is a difference of temperature,
without the movement of the material.
CONDUCTIVITY
-Is designated as (K) and defined as the number of British
Thermal Unit (BTU) per hour that flows through 1 sq. ft. of
material(1 inch)
- it is the basic rating of material
BTU
-measurement of how much energy is needed, in order to
heat an area.

CONDUCTANCE (C)
-Conductance is preferred to if it is in a homogenous
material but they only differ in the thickness of material

THERMAL RESISTANCE
- it is the reciprocal of conductivity
AIR SPACES

Air Spaces may be introduced into the structure to reduce the U-coefficient
and to aid retarding heat from the building.

The resistance of an air space is not related primarily to thickness, but is

determined by many factors including position of the space, direction of
heat flow, and the surface lining in the space.

Thickness of air space are generally evaluated for 0.5 and 0.75 inch.
Effects of Air Motion
When a wall or roof is in place to enclose a room under conditions resulting
in HEAT LOSS from the space.

GENTLE
MOTION
AIR

ACTIVE
MOTION WIND
 Gentle motion of the still air within the room and the high
temperature of the inside surface temperature of the room
will transfer to the exterior surfaces and the active motion
of the wind outside of the room both act to increase the
rate of the HEAT LOSS.
RESIDENTIAL HEAT GAIN
For heat gain, the process of calculation is the same as for the heat loss. It
begins with areas, linear footage (edges), and cubic feet per minute (for
infiltration). These values are multiplied by the heat transfer factors for the
corresponding items.

Summer
HEAT GAIN

Outdoor Indoor = Heat Gain

100-75= 25

Winter

HEAT LOSS

Indoor Outdoor = Heat Loss

75 (+5) = 70
SOLAR ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

2 ways of heating or cooling a building utilizing the solar heat.

PASSIVE

- The PASSIVE Solar design is so called because it employs no

sophisticated collectors and no expensive technology to harness the suns
energy.
- low-energy consuming building because it uses little or no energy at all,
and at usually low cost.

ACTIVE
- The ACTIVE System require expensive and energy consuming
equipment to operate Electric Water Heater and air conditioners.
 Solar Heating System
Solar heating systems use solar energy to heat a fluid - either liquid
or air and then transfer the solar heat directly to the interior space or to
a storage system for later use. Liquid systems are more often used when
storage is included, and are well suited forradiant heating systems,
boilers with hot water radiators, and evenabsorption heat pumpsand
coolers.
 Glass easily transmit short-
wave radiation, which
means that it possess little
interference to incoming
solar energy.

Glass serve as a heat trap.

Flat Plate Collector

Commonly have a
another plate
which absorbs the
suns rays hitting
it.

Absorber plate
made of copper,
aluminum, steel
coated with a
substance black
paint that will
help it absorb the
heat
 Solar Panels

refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of

energy for generating electricity or heating a panel