States of Matter

States of matter
Kinetic Theory all
matter is in constant
motion
State of matter is
defined by whether
the shape and
volume is definite or
not
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Solids
Definite shape and volume
Particles in a solid vibrate in a fixed position
Strong bonds holding particles together
Ionic, Covalent, Metallic bonds
Liquids
Shape fits the container, definite volume
Ability to flow
Particles move freely, but slowly
Bonds are weaker that in solids
Hydrogen bonds
Gas
Shape and volume fit the container
Particles move very fast and freely
Bonds are weakest if any exist at all
Noble gases do not form bonds
Particles are moving too fast for bonds to affect
them
Activity
Using the textbook, finish the worksheet
objects will be paper circles
Ms Buchanan or I need to sign off at each step
before you move on
Phase Changes
Changes in the state of matter are caused by
one of two things:
Change in temperature
Change in pressure
Types of phase changes
Melting
Freezing
Boiling
Condensing
Melting/Freezing
Between solid and liquid state
Melting: solid -> liquid
Energy must be added to the substance
Pressure must decrease

Freezing: liquid -> solid

Energy must be taken out of the substance
Pressure must increase
Boiling/Condensing
Between liquid and gas state
Boiling: liquid -> gas
Energy must be added to the substance
Pressure must decrease

Condensing: gas -> liquid

Energy must be taken out of the substance
Pressure must increase
Evaporation vs.
Vaporization
Vaporization phase change due to increasing
the temperature or reducing the pressure of
an entire substance
Evaporation Surface particles on a liquid
have high enough energy to become a gas,
but most of the substance remains a liquid
Energy
Potential Energy amount of energy stored
in a substance
Kinetic energy amount of energy used as
movement
Total energy = kinetic energy + potential
energy
Phase change diagrams
Gas Pressure
The force of the particles inside of a container
hitting the walls of the container
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAq2kr5wniY
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=glLPMXq6yc0
Things that affect gas pressure
Temperature
Amount of gas
Volume
Pressure and
Temperature
As temperature increases, pressure increases

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/aglussac.html
Pressure and Amount
As amount of gas increases, pressure
increases
Pressure and Volume
As volume decreases, pressure increases
As volume increases, pressure decreased

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/aboyle.html
http://
group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/gaslaw/boyles_la
w_graph.html