Industrial Revolution

Unit 6 Notes
Unit 6 Key Terms The Industrial Revolution
p. 113 - 118 p. 121 - 125
1. industrialism 1. cotton gin
2. textiles 2. flying shuttle
3. urbanization 3. spinning jenny
4. division of labor (p.125) 4. water frame
5. laissez-faire capitalism* 5. spinning mule*
6. socialism 6. power loom
7. Karl Marx & Friedrich 7. cottage industry (p.114)
Engels* 8. factory system (p.115)
8. Communist Manifesto* 9. James Watt
9. proletariat* 10. steam engine
10. bourgeoisie* 11. interchangeable parts
11. labor (trade) unions 12. mass production
 Unit 6 Key Terms
industrialism an economic system based on
the use of machines rather than on animal or
human power
textiles goods made of woven cloth
urbanization the movement of people to the
cities
division of labor assigning workers specific
tasks
 Unit 6 Key Terms
laissez-faire capitalism an economic system
where all factors of production are privately
owned and there is no government
interference
socialism belief that the government should
provide for the welfare of the people and plan
the economy
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels wrote The
Communist Manifesto and proposed a radical
form of socialism called communism
 Unit 6 Key Terms
Communist Manifesto writing of Karl Marx and
Friedrich Engels that proposed a radical
socialism, stating that society was divided into
warring classes
proletariat according to Karl Marx, these were
the poor workers or the have nots
bourgeoisie according to Karl Marx, these were
the wealthy factory owners or the haves
labor unions groups of workers that negotiated
for better wages, better working conditions and
shorter hours
 Unit 6 Key Terms
cotton gin machine invented by Eli Whitney
that dramatically increased cotton production by
mechanically removing seeds from cotton
flying shuttle invention of John Kays that
doubled the amount of weaving a worker could
do in one day using hand power
spinning jenny invention by James Hargreaves
allowed one spinner to spin 8 threads at a time
using hand power
 Unit 6 Key Terms
water frame invented by Richard Arkwright, it
allowed machines to be powered by water
spinning mule invented by Samuel
Crompton, this was the combination of the
water frame and the spinning jenny
power loom invented by Edmund Cartwright
in 1787, this was a water powered weaving
machine
cottage industry manufacturing that people
did at home
 Unit 6 Key Terms
James Watt inventor of the steam engine
steam engine initially used to power boats and
trains, this invention allowed for factories to be built
anywhere because it did not require water power
interchangeable parts machine made parts that are
exactly alike (also invented by Eli Whitney)
mass production the manufacture of huge
quantities of identical products at cheap prices
factory system method of production that brought
machines and workers together in one place
 Word Splash: Industry
What do you think of when
you hear the word industry?
You have 5 minutes to write
down as many things as you
can about the word industry.
 Upcoming Events
Homework workbook p. 119 1-4
& p. 126-127 1-6 Thurs. Nov. 14
Unit 6 Key Terms Quiz Tuesday
Nov. 19
Unit 6 Test Wednesday Nov. 20
Midterm Review Test (Units 1-6)
Tuesday Nov. 26
 Agricultural Revolution
3 things led to increased agricultural production:
enclosure movement
crop rotation
advanced agricultural technology
increased agricultural production led to increased
population and forced small farmers to become
tenant farmers or move to the cities
improvements in agriculture put more money in the
pockets of landowners and allowed for more
investment in other businesses
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

it began in Great Britain following the

Agricultural Revolution
it began in the textile industry
did not have one single founder or inventor
it grew from the innovations and inventions of
many people
 Why did it begin in Great Britain?
Great Britain had all the factors of production
needed for industrialization:
natural resources
rivers and harbors
experienced entrepreneurs
growing population
political stability
increasing world trade
economic prosperity and progress
Where did the Industrial Revolution spread?
to the United States
Samuel Slater and the Rhode Island plan
Lowell, Massachusetts the Lowell method
continental Europe
Belgium was the first after England in 1799
Germany in 1835 would later use industry for
military production
France did not industrialize right away but remained
agricultural
Japan
industrialized itself during the Meiji Era in an effort to
remain isolated
 Urbanization
urbanization is the movement of people to the cities
people moved to the cities to work in factories
because they could earn more there than on a farm
life in the city
unregulated
poor housing
inadequate police protection
unsanitary
working conditions in the factories
long hours (14 hours a day, six days a week)
dangerous and unhealthy, often resulting in injury
 Bellringer
What is the one piece of
technology you cannot
imagine life without?
Why is it so important to
you?
 Homework
Workbook p. 119 1-4
and p. 126-127 1-6
 Capitalism vs. Socialism
laissez-faire capitalism
all factors of production are privately owned
government does not interfere in business
based on laws of competition, supply and
demand, self-interest
socialism
belief that the government should provide for the
needs of the masses
government should plan the economy in order to
promote equality and end poverty
promised to distribute wealth according to need
 Flying Shuttle
invented by John Kay in
1733
doubled the amount of
weaving a worker could
do in one day
Spinning Jenny
invented by James
Hargreaves in 1764
allowed one spinner to
spin eight threads at a
time
 Water Frame
invented by Richard
Arkwright in 1768
changed machines from
hand-powered to water-
powered
Spinning Mule
invented in 1779 by
Samuel Crompton
combination of the
spinning jenny and
the water frame
spinning thread was
now water powered
produced a stronger
product
 Power Loom
invented in 1787 by
Edmund Cartwright
powered by water
wove thread into cloth
as fast as spinning
machines could
produce it
Cotton Gin
invented by Eli Whitney
in 1793
machine removed
seeds from cotton and
dramatically increased
cotton production
also led to massive
increases in the slave
population in the south
 Steam Engine
invented/improved by
James Watt in 1769
replaced water power
with steam power,
allowing factories to be
built anywhere (not just
near rivers)
engines were powered
by coal
Rise of Mass Production
machines increased the output of
goods in two ways:
interchangeable parts machine made
parts that were exactly alike
division of labor each worker was
assigned a specific task as a product
moves down a conveyor belt from
worker to worker the assembly line
 Electricity and Industry
telegraph Samuel Morse
telephone Alexander Graham Bell
radio Guglielmo Marconi
light bulb Thomas Edison
Impact of Industrialism
growth of cities urbanization
rise of capitalism free enterprise, the idea that
people make money for themselves
new business models partnerships, corporations
rise of the working class people made more
money in the factories than they did down on the
farm
rise of trade unions workers organizing together to
improve wages, working conditions
development of socialism the idea that the
government, not individuals, should own and control
the means of production
 Think about this
What do you think were some of the
side effects of using a coal powered
steam engine?
increased pollution
more factories
more jobs in mining
more transportation (steamships,
locomotives led to improved roads, more
railroads, more canals)
 The Communist Manifesto
written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
claimed society was divided into warring
classes
bourgeoisie the owners or haves
proletariat the workers or have nots
they claimed that workers were abused by the
owners
advocated a radically socialist society ruled by
the workers where all wealth would be shared
 Labor Unions
workers did not rise up in revolt the way Marx and
Engels predicted
workers did form labor unions to deal with problems
in the workforce
negotiated for better wages and working hours and better
working conditions
threatened strikes and boycotts if demands were not met
by 1830, the British government began regulating
certain businesses and reforms took place
even with reforms, there was a growing gap between
rich and poor