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Automotive Drivetrains

CLUTCHES
Purpose

To connect and disconnect engine power flow to the


transmission at the will of the driver.
Clutch
Requirements of a Clutch
Transmit maximum torque of the engine.

Engage gradually to avoid sudden jerks.

Dissipate maximum amount of heat.

Damp the vibrations and noise.

Dynamically balanced.

As small as possible.

Easy to operate.
9
Clutch System
Clutch systems
are used to
disengage the
engine from the
road
When the clutch
pedal is
depressed, the
clutch (and
transmission) is
disengaged from
the engine
Clutch System
With your foot off of the pedal, the
clutch is engaged to the engine.
The pressure plate holds the clutch
against the flywheel, allowing power to
travel through the clutch to the input
shaft of the transmission ...
The engine power
will transfer
through the
clutch to the gear
box.
System Components
1. Clutch/Input shaft: Transfers power
from clutch to the transmission
2. Flywheel: Transfers engine power to
the clutch
3. Clutch Disk (clutch): Splined to input
shaft; transfers power from engine
to the input shaft
4. Pressure Plate Assembly: Spring
pressure tightly holds the clutch to
the flywheel
Components cont:

5. Release Bearing (throw-out bearing):


Connected through linkage or hydraulics
to the clutch pedal; Provides a way for
the pressure plate to release pressure
on the clutch

6.Pilot Bearing (bushing) : Mounted in the


tail of the crankshaft. Stabilizes the
input shaft.
Components cont:
7. Clutch Fork (if applicable): Slides
the release bearing into and away from
the pressure plate assembly

8. Clutch Linkage (or hydraulic


plumbing): Allows the driver to operate
the clutch fork

9.Clutch (bell-housing) Housing:


Encloses the clutch assembly
Clutch Components
1.Flywheel
Mounted on the rear
of the crankshaft
Acts as balancer for
engine
Adds inertia to the
rotating crankshaft
Provides a surface for
the clutch to contact
Usually surrounded by
a ring gear for electric
starter operation
2.Clutch Disc

Is squeezed between the flywheel and the pressure


plate
Transmits power from the engine crankshaft to the
transmission input shaft
Clutch Disc Construction
Facing manufactured with frictional material
(may contain asbestos)

Other surface materials include:

paper-based
ceramic
cotton
brass
Clutch Disc Types
Rigid - used
primarily for
industrial/racing
applications.

Flexible - most
common, everything
from cruiser to
street/strip racing.
Flexible Clutch Disc

Hub flange - in direct contact with the input shaft


Friction ring - in direct contact with the
flywheel/pressure plate.
Flexible Clutch Disc

Clutch facing -
friction
material
marcel springs
- facing
dampener

Torsional springs - further dampening for clutch


application
Stop pins - limits the torsional springs travel
Rivets -fastens the facing material to marcel (springs)
3.Pressure Plate (clutch cover)

Squeezes clutch disc onto flywheel


Can be engaged or disengaged
Acts like a spring-loaded clamp
Pressure Plate - Types

Belleville/diaphragm-type Spring: uses a


cone-shaped diaphragm spring for clamping
force.
Multiple-Coil Springs: DUGH!
Semi-centrifugal: clamping force increases
as rotational (centrifugal) force increases
Belleville/diaphragm Spring:
Spring-type Pressure Plate
Benefits and Disadvantages:
Belleville/diaphragm type:
cost effective
uniform engagement
limited spring pressure

Spring:
unlimited pressure capabilities
as springs wear, pressure may become
inconsistent
4. Release (throw-out) bearing

Operated by the clutch linkage


Presses against the pressure plate to release
the clutch
5. Pilot Bearing (bushing)

Installed (pressed) into a machined bore in the end of


the crankshaft or flywheel
May be a bushing, ball-bearing or roller-bearing
6. Clutch linkage
a. Mechanical Linkage-type
Clutch linkage Mechanical
b.Cable-type
Clutch linkage
c.Hydraulic
Hydraulic Clutch Master
Hydraulic Clutch Slave
7.Clutch (bell-housing) Housing: Encloses the clutch assembly
Maybeintegralwiththetransmissionorremovable
8. Input (clutch) shaft

Projects from the front of the transmission


Usually has a pilot which rides in a
bearing or bushing in the end of the crankshaft
The clutch disc is splined to the clutch shaft

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