HYPERPLANE

Ranjith
Rajeev
S7 M.E.
Roll no. : 38
 What is a hyperplane ?
For a vehicle to be considered
hypersonic, it must travel at least at
Mach 5 -- five times the speed of sound,
or about 3,800 mph.
Hyperplane is an aircraft which travels at
a speed greater than mach 5.
(Commercial aircrafts fly at a speed of
mach 0.8).
It can be used as space launch vehicles,
military aircrafts and commercial
aircrafts.
 Design considerations :

Streamlined body is the criterion for design of

a subsonic vehicle while reduction of wave drag
is the criterion for design of a supersonic vehicle
Excessive heating is the greatest concern in
design of hypersonic vehicles.(The nose of the
reentry vehicles attain a temperature of
11000k.)

Stagnation point aerodynamic heating varies

inversely to the square root of the nose radius.
 Cooling methods :
Cooling methods are mainly classified
into two categories : 1) Active and 2)
Passive cooling.
Convective and Ablative cooling are the
most effectively used cooling systems
and they re classified as active cooling
techniques.
The convective cooling technique uses a
coolant which absorbs heat from the
surface to be cooled.
Convective cooling.
 Cooling method
continued
In ablation type active cooling, a layer of
ablative material is coated over the
surface to be protected. The protective
layer melts and vaporizes due to heat load
absorbing large amount of thermal energy.
Graphite and phenolic materials are
currently popular ones for ablative
materials. It is also found that the vehicle
can be cooled efficiently by transferring
coolant mass in the boundary layer from
its surface.
 Drag reduction :
Bluntness at the nose of the hypersonic
vehicle is necessary to alleviate the
oncoming heat load but at the same time
this increases the drag.
Increase in drag results in more fuel
requirement.
It is observed that a marginal reduction in
drag increases the fuel efficiency greatly.
Aero spike based drag reduction:
The spike recasts the original bow shock into a
conical shock and induces a low pressure
recirculation region, which together forms an
aerodynamic configuration similar to that of a
slender body ahead of blunt body.
The consequence of separation is the formation of
a low pressure and low temperature recirculation
region or separation bubble near the stagnation
region which reduces the drag.
Separated flow reattaches at the blunt body and
the location of this reattachment point depends on
the spike length, spike configuration and
freestream conditions.
Aerospike based drag
reduction..
Counter flow drag reduction :

Injection of a supersonic jet from the stagnation

point of a blunt body changes the pressure and
temperature distribution over the configuration of
interest.
If the pressure of the jet is much higher than that
of the free stream pressure then the jet separates
at the edge of the orifice and moves forward.
Separation of the jet at the edge forms a toroidal
recirculation region near the stagnation point.
Expansion of the jet from the orifice continues
until it passes through a terminal shock.
Counterflow drag
reduction
Avatar (Aerobic Vehicle for transatmospheric
hypersonic Aerospace TrAnspoRtation)
Avatar structure
 Avatar working
It will take off from a usual runway using
air breathing engine and will reach sonic
speed.
At sonic speed the ramjets get activated,
bringing it to a hypersonic speed. During
this travel it will suck air and seperate
oxygen from that and will store it in liquid
form.
Then it will use this fuel and liquid oxygen
mixture for outer space propulsion.
Hypersoar
 Hypersoar details
A 25-meter-long HyperSoar aircraft (about
as long as the wingspan of a large business
jet) could make a conventional takeoff from
a standard runway.
Using special air-breathing, rocket-based,
combined-cycle engines, it would ascend to
40 kilometers-at the outer limit of Earth's
atmosphere.
As it descends into denser air, the aircraft
would be pushed up by the increased
aerodynamic lift.
 Hypersoar details
The engines would fire briefly, propelling
the plane back into space. Outside the
atmosphere, the engines shut off and the
process repeats.
In this way, HyperSoar would skip off the
top layer of the atmosphere every two or
so minutes, like a flat rock skittering in
slow motion across the surface of a pond.
This is a very fascinating concept
developed by Preston Carter.
Hypersoar working
Hypersoar flight path
THANK YOU..