ANALYSING

ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
THE MEANING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION

The production of induced current or

induced e.m.f. without using the power
supplies but using the relative motion
between a conductor and a magnet.
WHAT IS MEANT BY RELATIVE
MOTION?

Figure (a) Figure (b)

For Figure(a)and Figure(b):
(a) moving the magnet in a stationary conductor
(b) moving the conductor in a stationary magnet
(c) moving magnet and conductor in the opposite directions.
(d) moving magnet and conductor in the same direction with different speeds.
THE MEANING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION

Figure (c)
For Figure (c)
Closing and opening switch S
Adjusting rheostat R
Flowing the coil P with current and moving the coil P nearer or farer the the coil Q.
Replacing the battery with a.c. power supply the and closing and keeping closing
S.
THE MEANING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION

Figure (d)
Figure (d)
Oscillating the pendulum bob in the magnetic field
THE MECHANISM OF THE PRODUCTION OF
INDUCED CURRENT OR INDUCED E.M.F.

When the relative motion between a conductor or a magnet happened , the conductor
cuts across the magnetic field lines or change of the magnetic flux.
THE TYPES OF INDUCED CURRENT
(a) d.c. current

A d.c. current is produced when the magnet is moved into or out of the solenoid.
THE TYPES OF INDUCED CURRENT
(b) a.c. current

A a.c. current is produced when the magnet is moved into or out of the solenoid.

TO DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE OF THE INDUCED CURRENT
FARADAYS LAW

Faradays law state that The magnitude of the induced current or

induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic
flux linkage with the solenoid or the rate at which a conductor cuts
through the magnetic flux.

Hence, based on the Faradays law is increased when

(a) the number of turns of the solenoid is increased
(b)the strength of the magnet is increased
(c) the speed of relative motion is increased
 TO DETERMINE THE DIRECTION OF THE
INDUCED CURRENT LENZS LAW
Lenzs law state that The direction of an induced current always flows
in such as a direction so to oppose the change which is causing it.

When the magnet is moved towards into the solenoid, there is a force
of repulsion exists between the solenoid and the magnet and the
end P is induced to become the South pole and the direction of the
current is DCBA
When the magnet is moved away from the solenoid, there is a force of
attraction exists between the solenoid and the magnet and the
end P is induced to become the North pole and the direction of the
current is ABCD.

The work done is converted into electrical

energy which creates the induced current.
TO DETERMINE THE DIRECTION OF THE INDUCED CURRENT
IN THE DYNAMO FLEMINGS RIGHT-HAND RULE

Flemings Right-hand Rule states If the thumb, first

finger (forefinger)and second finger of the right hand
are held at right angles to each other, then if the first
finger (forefinger) represents the direction of the
magnetic field and the thumb represents the
direction of the motion of the conductor , then the
second finger will represents the direction of the
induced current
When coil WXYZ is rotated in anticlockwise direction
the direction of the induced current is
_____________________.
THE EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE MAGNITUDE OF AN INDUCED CURRENT AND THE SPEED OF
THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN CONDUCTOR AND MAGNET

Hypothesis:
The magnitude of an induced current increases as the speed of the relative motion between
conductor and magnet increases.

Aim of the experiment :

To investigate the relationship between the magnitude of an induced current and the speed
of the relative motion between conductor and magnet
 THE EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE MAGNITUDE OF AN INDUCED CURRENT AND THE SPEED OF
THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN CONDUCTOR AND MAGNET

Variables in the experiment:

Manipulated variable: the magnitude of induced current
Responding variable: the speed of the relative motion between
conductor and magnet.
Fixed variable: number of turns of solenoid and the strength of the
magnet.
List of apparatus and materials:
Sensitive zero-centre galvanometer, solenoid, bar magnet and ruler.
 THE EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE MAGNITUDE OF AN INDUCED CURRENT AND THE SPEED OF
THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN CONDUCTOR AND MAGNET

Arrangement of the apparatus:

THE EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE MAGNITUDE OF AN INDUCED CURRENT AND THE SPEED OF
THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN CONDUCTOR AND MAGNET

The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.

1.The height of the magnet above the solenoid is measured by a ruler = H

2.The magnet is dropped into the solenoid and the reading of the galvanometer is
recorded = I
3. The experiment is repeated 5 times with different height
of the magnet above the solenoid.
THE EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE MAGNITUDE OF AN INDUCED CURRENT AND THE SPEED OF
THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN CONDUCTOR AND MAGNET

Tabulate the data:

Analysis the data:

Plot the graph I against H
 APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

(1) d.c. and a.c. Generator (2)transformer

d.c. generator.
Initially , the coil in a horizontal plane (0o) , the cutting of the magnetic
field is maximum and hence the induced current is maximum.

After a 90o rotation , the sides of the coil parallel to the magnetic fields.
There is no cutting of the magnetic field lines. The induced current is
zero.

After a 180o rotation, the coil is horizontal again and the maximum
induced current is produced. But the commutators reverses contact
with carbon brushes and the current flows in same direction as before.

After a 270o rotation , the sides of the coil parallel

to the magnetic fields again and the induced
current is zero again.
the magnetic fields. There is no cutting of the
magnetic field lines. The induced current is zero.
THE FOLLOWING GRAPH SHOWS THE VARIATION OF THE INDUCED
CURRENT, I AGAINST THE ANGLE TURNED THROUGH BY THE COIL.

A.C. GENERATOR.

Initially , the coil in a horizontal plane (0o) , the cutting of the magnetic
field is maximum and hence the induced current is maximum.

After a 90o rotation , the sides of the coil parallel to the magnetic fields.
There is no cutting of the magnetic field lines. The induced current is
zero.

After a 180o rotation, the coil is horizontal again

and the maximum induced current is produced but
the current flows in opposite direction as before.

After a 270o rotation , the sides of the coil parallel

to the magnetic fields again and the induced
current is zero again.
the magnetic fields. There is no cutting of the
magnetic field lines. The induced current is zero.
THE FOLLOWING GRAPH SHOWS THE VARIATION OF THE INDUCED
CURRENT, I AGAINST THE ANGLE TURNED THROUGH BY THE COIL.