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Objectives
1. Definitions
1. Why Study Ethics? Goal Setting.
2. Definitions of key terms
3. Steps in Ethical Decision-Making
4. Becoming an Ethically Mature Person
5. The Cultural Context of Ethics – The Possibility of Global Standards
6. Why Individuals and Communities need Ethics.
7. Why Ethics is Complex

2. Case Study #1 – A Personal Ethical Dilemma


1. John Smith, his Father, Napster and You
2. Individual Responses
3. Group Responses and Reports

3. Case Study #2 – Business Ethics and Success


1. The Leader’s Ethical Compass
2. Lockheed’s Kochian and Premier Tanaka
3. Individual Responses
4. Group Responses and Reports

4. Cases and Applications


1. Brainstorm Cases involving Ethics – Individual and Corporate

5. Action Items
1. Learning’s – from each of the modules
2. Applications and Action Plan
3. Closure

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Why Study Ethics? Brainstorm Exercise
1. Ethics and You?
1. How might Ethics help you______________________________________?
2. How might Ethics hinder you____________________________________?
3. What Motivates you to study ethics_______________________________?

2. Ethics and Other People?


1. Why do people need Ethics_____________________________________?
2. What is a difficulty with ethical diversity__________________________?
3. Name a recent public breach of ethics_____________________________

3. Ethics in Society?
1. Comment on the Status of Ethics Now____________________________?
2. What hinders Ethical Behaviors_________________________________?
3. What promotes Ethical Behaviors _______________________________?

4. Goal Setting for Session


____________________________________________________________

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Definitions

Ethics refers to the


application
of moral principles
to behaviors or actions
so that they might be
defined
as correct, good and
proper
or not correct,
bad and improper.
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Wise Decisions
Decision-Making
1. Addresses the right problem
2. Clarifies the real objectives (the desired results)
3. Develops a range of alternatives
4. Considers the consequences (of each action)
5. Assesses impact on others
6. Makes tradeoffs among conflicting objectives
7. Deals sensibly with uncertainties
8. Takes account of one’s risk-taking attitude (tolerance)
9. Plans ahead for decisions linked over time
Adapted from Hammond., John S. & Keeney., Ralph L. Management Decision-Sciences

What are the links between Ethics and Decisions??

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Steps in Ethical Decision-Making

1. Problem-recognition Becoming aware of the ethical dimensions of an activity

2. Clarification of goals Deciding on what one wants to achieve

3. Information gathering Assembling of all relevant information

4. Development of options Sorting out the various means of resolving the issues

Thinking through the effects of each of the actions and of all


5. Consideration of consequences
together

6. Choose Deciding on what course of action will be taken

To keep track of the results of the activities and adapt


7. Monitor and Modify
accordingly

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Becoming an Ethically Contexts of
Mature Person
Decisions

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The Cultural Context

The North

The West The East

The South

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Individuals & The Human Community Need Ethics

In the face of:

Struggle

Magical Beliefs

Manipulation

Crimes…………

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Sheriff judges by the Deed Why Ethics is Complex
It’s Only the Tip of the Iceberg

Feelings Duties

Knowledge Law Intention


Culture

Context Values
Virtue Universal
Principles
Relationships Responsibility
Rights

Decisions
Morality
Right /Wrong
Good / Evil

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Shawn (Napster) Fanning

Ethics of Sharing Music for Profit:

1. May 1999 – Founded Napster

1. S.W. allowed users to share files in MP3 Format over Internet


2. May 2000, 10 million + users - $15 million venture capital funds
3. Sean is sued by Record companies, Metallica, Dr. Dre – Illegal to distribute music owned by
others

2. Napster side – Moral & Legal Right to make copies

3. Industry side – No right to give copies of music owned by others


During one week, (March 2000), 300,000 people downloaded music from site

4. August 2000 – Judge says shut down site – basis – pirating without paying
5. You have heard news of lawsuits against those copying music.
Penalties range up to fines of $250,000 and five years in jail.
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Scenario It is June, 2000. Your friend & roommate at college,
John Smith, has started a business of downloading
hit songs through Napster, (Grockster, Kazaa, etc.)
and selling customized copies for $10 each.

John’s father has made large donations to the


college, paid for your tuition and was
instrumental in getting you accepted into the
college. In return, he expects that you will be
helpful to John in his studies and business.

You are very intelligent, popular but poor and


dependent on the Smith’s support to stay in
college. Since you are popular, John is expecting
you to market the CD’s to your friends.

John has persuaded you to sell his first 500 CD’s


and he split the profits with you 50/50. The other
students love the deals. You have been reading up
on the potential lawsuits against those who
download and sell music. Your doubts and
anxieties have increased.
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Challenge

1. What is the ethical problem here, 1. __________________________


if any? _________________________?
2. What elements must be 2. __________________________
considered in making a decision? _________________________?
3. What are your options? 3. __________________________
_________________________?
4. What would be best for Music 4. __________________________
industry? _________________________?
5. What would be best for Napster? 5. __________________________
6. What would be best for the _________________________?
music loving audience? 6. __________________________
7. What will you gain or lose _________________________?
according to your decision? 7. _________________________?
8. What is best according to your 8. __________________________
ethical principles? _________________________
9. What will you do? Why? 9. __________________________
_________________________?

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1. What is the
Challenge ethical
problem here,
if any?

2. What elements
3. What are
must be considered in
making a decision? your options?

4. What would be best 6. What would be


5. What would be
for the music best for the
Industry? best for Napster? music-loving audience?

7. What will you gain


8. What is best according 9. What will you do?
or lose according
to your decision? to your ethical principles? Why?

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The Leader’s Ethical Compass

People

Power

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Bribery

1.The Story
1. Lockheed paid $2 million to Japan’s Premier Tanaka to get ANA to buy airplanes
2. Lockheed sold $1.3 billion worth of planes to Japan
3. Bribe discovered. Kotchian had to resign and Tanaka was arrested

2.Circumstances
1. Possible bankruptcy facing Lockheed prior to sales
2. Saving jobs in the U.S.
3. Used a Trading company and a consultant (criminal) as intermediaries

3.Discussion Points
1. Such money is called a “commission” in Japan
2. No laws against the practice in the U.S.
3. “Everyone is doing it”
4. Payments were requested by the intermediaries

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What is Your Decision?

For Paying Bribe? Against Paying Bribe?

1. Company needs to survive 1. It is an anti-competitive practice


2. Effective contacts but criminal 2. A high risk of blackmail
3. CIA knows these activities 3. CIA knows but still not legal
4. Save thousands of jobs 4. Saving jobs does not validate
5. No U.S. laws violated 5. Even without laws, still bound
6. Normal practice in Japan 6. Practice alone does not justify
7. Others (many) are doing same 7. Own judgment is focus of ethics

What is Your Value & Reasoning?

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Dimensions of Bribery involving Governments and Corporations

1. List areas of Impact of the Payments?__________________________


2. Bribe, Commission, Extortion?________________________________
3. Commercially ok, Individually not ok___________________________
4. Both punished severely. Fair or not fair?________________________
5. Reasons you might act differently from Kotchian?_________________
6. List key ethical themes & questions in this case?__________________
7. List methods of recourse of victims in this case?__________________
8. What corporate culture allows bribes?__________________________
9. How to fix that culture?_____________________________________

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Emerging Ethical Issues

Examples:
1. Information Technologies and Privacy
2. Genetic Engineering and Human Dignity
3. Weapons of Mass Destruction and Global Survival
4. Cultural Imperialism and Diversity
5. Others? ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

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Learning’s about Ethics

1.Learning’s from Definitions


1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________

2.Learning’s from Case #1 A Personal Ethical Dilemma


1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________

3.Learning’s from Case #2 Corporate Bribery


1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________

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Action Items

1. Objectives? _______________________________________
2. Actions? __________________________________________
3. Who all are Responsible? _____________________________
4. Start Date? ______ Completion Date? ______________?
5. Criteria for Success? ________________________________?
6. Resources Required? _______________________________?
7. Accountable To? ___________________________________?

© Leonard Training and Consulting. All Rights Reserved 25


Hugh Leonard
Principal, Leonard Training and Consulting LTC

Leonard has 20-plus years Human Resource


Development experience helping organizations develop the Professional Affiliations
skills necessary for executives and staff to improve the
performance of the multiple-culture employee groups in
their workplaces and business contexts. Prior to founding Leonard’s professional affiliations include serving as
LTC, he spent 26 years with the Sacred Hearts “Board Member” of the Japan America Society, where he
Congregation, seventeen of those in Japan as a missionary. developed and conducted workshops on “Working with
In that capacity, he acted as co-pastor in three parishes the Japanese; Board Member, Cultural News
while providing services in many satellite Christian Organization (for promotion of Japanese culture in the
communities. At the same time, he was active in youth U.S.); Teacher, The Bi-Cultural Manager course at
groups and in industrial counseling projects, conducting California State University, Long Beach (CSULB);
workshops for human development, teaching, writing Member, Professional Coaches and Mentors Association
books and serving needs of the citizens of two local (PCMA); Member, American Society for Training and
constituencies. In this regard, he founded and led the Development (ASTD); Member, International Society for
Hitachi Human Life Center for eight years. This experience
Performance Improvement (ISPI); Member, Mastermind,
became the basis of the Bi-Cultural Manager courses which
he conducted for Japanese managers for over seven years
in Southern California and around the world. Education

Relevant Experience
His education for the priesthood was gained at Queen of
His human and organization development-related work Peace Seminary of N.H., USA, 1965. He is also a
includes conducting a variety of management development graduate of University of Southern California, where he
and conflict-resolution workshops for over 20 organizations received his Master’s degree in Asian Area studies. He
worldwide, including the U.S. and Asia. His practice utilizes has an Masters Degree in Human Resource Development
proven assessment, development, change management (MHRD) and a Master’s Degree in Applied Theology.
and follow-up intervention tools to facilitate effective Presently taking a Certificate in Executive Coaching
performance in business and workplace contexts. (equivalent to Masters).

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Thank You

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