Project Planning, Monitoring & Control

- Principles, Tools & Techniques

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT PLANNING,

MONITORING & CONTROL
21st January 2011: Session No. 01

By: Hafadz Kamizi Mat Hassan

1) WHAT IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT?
Directing and coordinating human and material
resources throughout the life of a project by using
modern management techniques to achieve
predetermined objectives of
Scope
Cost
time
quality and
participation satisfaction
What is Project Management?
BY CONTRAST

General management of business and industrial

corporations assumes a broader outlook with
greater continuity of operations

Nevertheless,

There are sufficient similarities as well as differences

between the two so that modern management techniques
developed for general management may be adapted for
project management.

What is Project Management?

 General Special
Management Knowledge
Domains

Project
Management

Supporting
Disciplines

Basic Ingredients in Project Management

What is Project Management?

Specifically,

Project management in construction

encompasses a set of objectives which may be
accomplished by implementing a series of
operations subject to resource constraints.

What is Project Management?

The functions of project management for
construction generally include the following:
Specification of project objectives and plans
Maximization of efficient resource utilization

Implementation of various operations through proper

coordination and control of planning, design,
estimating, contracting and construction

Development of effective communications and

mechanisms for resolving conflicts among the various
participants.

What is Project Management?

2) BASIC CONCEPTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
A good construction plan is the basis for
developing the budget and the schedule for work.
(PMBook)

Thus, a project manager / planner must synthesize

the steps required to yield this result.

Basic Concepts in the Development of Construction Planning

Essential aspects of construction planning shall
include;

the generation of required activities,

analysis of the implications of these activities,
and
choice among the various alternative means of
performing activities.

Basic Concepts in the Development of Construction Planning

 Construction
Planning

Schedule
Cost Oriented
Oriented

Time Resource
Oriented Oriented
Direct Indirect
(Critical (Job
Costs Costs
Path Scope
Problem) Schedule)

Alternative Emphases in Construction Planning

Basic Concepts in the Development of Construction Planning

3) CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHOD

Choose appropriate technology and

methods for construction
Example: option between conventional formworks
and system formworks

Select among alternative methods and

technologies
formulate a number of construction plans based
on alternative methods or assumptions

Choice of Technology and Construction Method

 Review the cost, time and reliability impacts
of the alternative approaches

Adopt the most optimum technology and

construction method (i.e. value engineering).

Choice of Technology and Construction Method

4) DEFINING WORK TASKS

Along with the choice of technology and the consideration of the

general method of construction, the planning process is also to
define the various work tasks that must be accomplished.

The work tasks represent the necessary framework to:

Permit scheduling of construction activities,

Estimate the resources required by the individual work tasks,

and

Identify necessary precedences or required sequence among

the tasks.
Defining Work Tasks
However,

problem in scheduling is to determine:

An appropriate set of activity start time,

Resource allocations
Completion times

Through which they will result in completion of the

project in a timely and efficient fashion.

Defining Work Tasks

Therefore,

It is common to begin with fairly coarse definitions of

activities and then to further sub-divide tasks as the
plan becomes better defined.

As a result, the definition of activities evolves during

the preparation of the plan.

Natural hierarchy of activities with large,

abstract functional activities repeatedly sub-
divided into more and more specific sub-tasks
(i.e. Works Breakdown Structure or WBS).
Defining Work Tasks
5) DEFINING PRECEDENCE RELATIONSHIPS
AMONG ACTIVITIES

Precedence relations between activities signify

that the activities must take place in a particular
sequence.

Defining Precedence Relationships Among Activities

Excavate Place Place Pour
Trench Formwork Reinforcement Concrete

Illustrative Set of Four Activities with Precedences

Defining Precedence Relationships Among Activities

6) ESTIMATING ACTIVITIES DURATION
Work activity has to be associated with time
duration.

A straightforward approach to the estimation of

activity durations is to keep historical records of
particular activities and rely on the average
durations from this experience in making
new duration estimates.

Estimating Activities Duration

 Task, Technology
& Site Data
Maximum
Productivity

Ancillary Task Down Time Productivity

Information Adjustments Adjustments

Down Time Productivity

Estimate Estimate

Quantity of Works
Initial Duration
Weather
Estimation
Number of Crews

Overall
Adjustment
(e.g. Learning)

Activity Duration
Estimate

A Common Hierarchical Framework in Estimating Activity Durations

Estimating Activities Duration

7) ESTIMATING RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR
WORK ACTIVITIES
Resource requirements are usually
estimated for each activity.

Therefore,

By making resource requirement estimates for

each activity, the overall resource
requirements for the entire the project
can be identified.
Estimating Resource Requirements For Work Activities
Typically, resources are categorized into the
following three different components:

Labour
Non-labour
Material

Note:
Resource estimates and resource allocation is
essential for purposes of project monitoring
and cash flow planning.

Estimating Resource Requirements For Work Activities