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VD VD
Re D
Cylinder in Cross Flow (cont.)
Force imposed by the flow is due to the combination of friction and form drag.
The dimensionless form of the drag force is
FD
CD Figure 7.8
A f V 2 / 2
Cylinder in Cross Flow (cont.)
What conditions are associated with maxima and minima in the variation?
ST
Aligned: Vmax V
ST D
Staggered: ST
Vmax
ST D
V if 2 S D D ST D
ST
or, Vmax
V if 2 S D D ST D
2 SD D
Tube Banks (cont.)
Flow Conditions:
What are the limiting values of the Nusselt number and the convection
coefficient for slow flows over small spheres?
CD Figure 7.8
q hAp ,t Tl m
Ap ,t total surface area of particles
Ts To hAp ,t
exp
Ts Ti VAc ,b c p
Ac ,b cross-sectional area of bed
Jets
Significant Features:
Mixing and velocity profile development in the free jet.
Stagnation point and zone.
Velocity profile development in the wall jet.
Jets
Jet Arrays
Slot Jets
What is the nature and effect of jet interactions and discharge conditions?
Nusselt number correlations for arrays of circular and slot jets Section 7.7.2.
Problem: Extrusion Process
SCHEMATIC:
Problem: Thermocouple Junction (cont.)
VD 5 m s 0.001m
Re D 100
6 2
50 10 m s
Problem: Thermocouple Junction (cont.)
Problem: Thermocouple Junction (cont.)