Community medicine

Research
Group members:

Inam Ullah Bukhari

Azeen Altaf
Naseeb Ullah khan
Khalel khan
Usman Khan
N i m r a Ta r i q
Anita Iqbal
Ramsha
Nusrat
Supervisor: DR.
Shahid
Title

Depression
among infertile
women in Karachi
Background

Infertility is defined as the

Faliure to Achieve a Clinical
Pregnancy after 12 months of
unprotected sexual intercourse.
 It is a complex problem having
both physiological and
psychological aspects.
Studies have show that 8-12% of
women around the globe
experiences infertility and in the
recent years its incidence has
dramatically increased.
 There is much Social Stigma related
to Infertility.In addition to somatic
and sexual disorders infertility
predisposes to considerable
psychological and mental Stress.
Inefertility especially in our society
is vey Stressful for women because
women is only one to be Blamed for
being infertile and it effects their
Social,Physical and Mental health.
 These women socially isolate
themselves .
Depression is one of Main Problem in
these individuals a and Researches
have shown strong association of
Depression to Infertility.
 Rationale

Infertility Being an important

Public Health problem
motivated the Conductance of
this study in Karachi.
Objective:

The Objective of this Study is to

Determine the Prevalence and
predisposing Factors of
Depressive Disorders Among
The Infertile Women.
Methodology

Study Design:Cross Sectional study

Target Population:Females attendig
Infertility Clinic.
Study Setting:the Research will be
conducted in Karachi.
Duration of study:6 months.
Sampling Technique: Participants will be
selected by systematic random sampling
from the patient list
Sample Size:200 infertile patients will be
included
Sample Selection:

Inclusion Criteria:people selected would be

aged between 2035years,with infertility
duration of > 1 year and diagnosed with
primary infertility.
Exclusion criteria:Patients will be excluded
from the study if age would be > 35
years,Or diagnosed as having any other
psychiatric disorder or having secondary
infertility.
 Questionnaire

Description:The Beck Depression

Inventory (BDI) Scale,urdu-version, with
some additional variables will be used.
Validity:Test-retest reliability and validity
of Beck questionnaire has been proven by
several studies and researches.
Questionnaire:

Variable list:A full 21-items BDI would administered.

Each item describes a specific behavioral, emotional
and somatic manifestation of depression. The 21
items cover sadness, pessimism, sense of failure,
dissatisfaction, guilt, expectation of punishment, self-
dislike, self-accusations, suicidal ideas, crying,
irritability, social withdrawal, indecisiveness, body
image change, work retardation, insomnia,
fatigability, anorexia, weight loss, somatic
preoccupation and loss of libido.
Questionnaire:
Scores on each item range from 0 indicating no
depressive symptoms to a maximum of 3 indicating
severe symptoms.
Total scale scores can thus range from 0 to 63: a score of
0 9 indicates no depression, 10 15 suggests mild
depression, 16 29 is for moderate severe depression
and 30 or more indicates severe depression.
Consent:The Data will be collected from those Stude
subjects who will give a written or verbal consent.
The Anonymity and confidentiality of subjects will be
strictly maintained.
The participants will have right to withdraw from study
at any point of time.
 Data Anlysis:SPSS 20.0 will be used
for Stastical Data analysis.
Ethical Consideration:Data collection
will be started after University
Approval.
Reviews

1)Al-Asadi JN, Hussein ZB. Depression among infertile women in

Basrah, Iraq: Prevalence and risk factors. Journal of the Chinese
Medical Association. 2015 Nov 30;78(11):673-7.
2)S.Abbasi,R.Kausar,S.S.Sadiq"Depression among Pakistani infertile
women'journal of surgery Pakistan janurary -March 2016
(3)AAlhassan, Abass, A.R Ziblim, and S.Muntaka. "A Survey On
Depression Among Infertile Women In Ghana". N.p.,
4): Publications, Harvard. "The Psychological Impact Of Infertility And
Its Treatment - Harvard Health". Harvard Health. N.p., 2017. Web.
5)Kleanthi, Gourounti. "Increased Anxiety And Depression In Greek
Infertile Women Results From Feelings Of Marital Stress And Poor
Marital Communication". Hsj.gr. N.p., 2017. Web. 11 Mar. 2011.
6 Al-Homaidan, Dr. "Depression Among Women With Primary
Infertility Attending An Infertility Clinic In Riyadh, Kingdom Of Saudi
Arabia: Rate, Severity, And Contributing Factors". PubMed Central
(PMC). N.p., 2011. Web. 19 Mar. 2011)
 7)Chi H-J, Park I-H, Sun H-G, Kim J-W, Lee K-H.
Psychological distress and fertility quality of life
(FertiQoL) in infertile Korean women: The first validation
study of Korean FertiQoL. Clinical and Experimental
Reproductive Medicine. 2016;43(3):174-180.
doi:10.5653/cerm.2016.43.3.174. 8)Kazandi M, Gunday
O, Mermer TK, Erturk N, Ozknay E. The status of
depression and anxiety in infertile Turkish couples.
Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2011;9(2):99-
104.