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Module 1
OPERATING SYSTEMS:
INTRODUCTION
Part 1
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Chapter 1: Outline
What is an Operating System?
Mainframe Systems
Desktop Systems
Multiprocessor Systems
Distributed Systems
Clustered System
Real -Time Systems
Handheld Systems
Computing Environments
provides
providesbasic
basiccomputing
computing
resources
resources(CPU,
(CPU,
memory,
memory,I/O
I/Odevices).
devices).
Acts
Actsas
asananintermediary:
intermediary:
controls
controlsand
andcoordinates
coordinates
the
theuse
useofofthe
thehardware
hardware
among
amongthethevarious
various
application
applicationprograms
programsfor
for
the
thevarious
varioususers.
users.
Examples:
Examples:UNIX,
UNIX,LINUX,
LINUX,
WINDOWS,
WINDOWS,MS-DOS MS-DOS
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Abstract View of Computer System
Components
define
definethe
theways
waysininwhich
which
the
thesystem
systemresources
resourcesare
are
used
usedtotosolve
solvethe
the
computing
computingproblems
problemsof of
the
theusers
users(compilers,
(compilers,
database
databasesystems,
systems,video
video
games,
games,business
business
programs).
programs).
people,
people,machines,
machines,other
other
computers
computers
Multiprogrammed systems
Time-sharing systems
CPU
Much
Muchcomputer
computertime
time
was
waswasted
wasted
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Batch Systems
First rudimentary operating Memory Layout for a
system. Simple Batch System
Reduce setup time by batching
similar jobs (that is jobs with
common needs are batched)
machine runs only one
application
Automatic job sequencing
automatically transfers control CPU
CPUisisoften
oftenidle
idle
from one job to another.
Resident monitor
initial control in monitor
control transfers to job
when job completes control transfers back to monitor
One
Onejob
jobat
ataatime
time
in
inthe
thememory
memory
d. f.f.1401
1401 prints
d.7094
7094does
does output
prints
b.
b.1401
1401reads
reads the computing
the computing output
batch of jobs
batch of jobs
onto
ontotape
tape
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Structure of a typical FMS
job 2 generation
nd
In multiprogramming operating
systems, some commands are
executed from one program, then
that program is suspended, and
then some commands are
executed from the next program,
and so on.