RAPID APPRAISAL METHODS

Kelompok 10

Hardian Relly 14/364861/SP/26239

Meidy Katrina 14/364900/SP/26248
Trianus Januar 14/364902/SP/26250
Indah Nur 14/364913/SP/26256
Romi Hisyam 14/365986/SP/26337
WHAT IS RAPID APPRAISAL?

Rapid Appraisal (RA) is an approach that draws on multiple evaluation

methods and techniques to quickly, yet systematically, collect data when
time in the field is limited. RA practices are also useful when there are
budget constraints or limited availability of reliable secondary data. For
example, time and budget limitations may preclude the option of using
representative sample surveys.
 WHEN ARE RAPID APPRAISAL METHODS
APPROPRIATE?
Choosing between rapid appraisal methods for an
assessment or more time-consuming methods, such as
sample surveys, should depend on balancing several
factors, listed below.
THE ELEMENTS OF A GOOD EVALUATION SOW
1. Describe the activity, program, or process to be evaluated
2. Provide a brief background on the development hypothesis and its implementation
3. State the purpose and use of the evaluation
4. Clarify the evaluation questions
5. Identify the evaluation method(s)
6. Identify existing performance information sources, with special attention to
monitoring data
7. Specify the deliverables(s) and the timeline
8. Identify the composition of the evaluation team (one team member should be an
evaluation specialist) and participation of customers and partners
9. Address schedule and logistics
10. Clarify requirements for reporting and dissemination
11. Include a budget

Sumber: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadw103.pdf
Kelebihan Rapid Appraisal Method

Murah (Low cost)

Cepat

Dapat digunakan pada evaluasi formatif

Dapat digunakan ketika tidak ada informasi yang cukup,

namun harus memberikan keputusan

Dapat digunakan untuk monitoring kinerja

Kekurangan Rapid Appraisal Method

Kurang valid

Tidak dapat melakukan generalisasi pada
populasi yang lebih besar

Tidak dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dari
evaluasi sumatif

Data yang digunakan dapat bias dan kurang
akurat kecuali digunakan tambahan metode
untuk menguatkan penemuan.
Use in types of
evaluation
 Rapid appraisal methods are often used in formative evaluations.
Findings are strengthened when evaluators use triangulation
(employing more than one data collection method) as a check on the
validity of findings from any one method.
Rapid appraisal methods are also used in the context of summative
evaluations. The data from rapid appraisal methods and techniques
complement the use of quantitative methods such as surveys based on
representative sampling. For example, a randomized survey of small
holder farmers may tell you that farmers have a difficult time selling
their goods at market, but may not have provide you with the details of
why this is occurring. A researcher could then use interviews with
farmers to determine the details necessary to construct a more
complete theory of why it is difficult for small holder farmers to sell
their goods.
KEY PRINCIPLES FOR ENSURING USEFUL
RAPID APPRAISAL DATA COLLECTION
No set of rules dictates which methods and techniques should be used in a given field situation;
however, a number of key principles can be followed to ensure the collection of useful
data in a rapid appraisal.
Preparation is key. As in any evaluation, the evaluation design and selection of methods
must begin with a thorough understanding of the evaluation questions and the clients
needs for evaluative information. The clients intended uses of data must guide the
evaluation design and the types of methods that are used.
Triangulation increases the validity of findings. To lessen bias and strengthen the
validity of findings from rapid appraisal methods and techniques, it is imperative to use
multiple methods. In this way, data collected using one method can be compared to that
collected using other methods, thus giving a researcher the ability to generate valid and
reliable findings. If, for example, data collected using Key Informant Interviews reveal
the same findings as data collected from Direct Observation and Focus Group
Interviews, there is less chance that the findings from the first method were due to
researcher bias or due to the findings being outliers. Table 1 summarizes common rapid
appraisal methods and suggests how findings from any one method can be strengthened
by the use of other methods.
COMMON RAPID APPRAISAL
METHODS
Beberapa Metode yang Paling Umum
Digunakan
1. Key Informant Interviews:
Digunakan untuk wawancara 15-35 orang yang dipilih
untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan pandangan mereka.
Wawancara dilakukan secara kualitatif, mendalam dan semi
terstruktur

2. Focus Groups:
Dilakukan pada sebuah kelompok homogen dengan
anggota 8-12 orang. Masing-masing diantara mereka
menjelaskan masalah dan pengalaman di antara diri mereka.
3. Community Interviews:
kegiatan dilakukan di tempat pertemuan dan terbuka untuk semua
komunitas. Interaksi antar peserta dan pewawancara , yang
memimpin jalanya kegiatan dan pertanyaan yang dilontarkan
dilakukan dengan hati-hati sehingga menggunakan pedoman
4. Direct Observation:
Tim observer mencatat apa yang dilihat dan di dengar pada sumber
penjelasan program menggunakan suatu form. Observasi dapat
dilakukan pada lingkungan fisik, aktivitas yang sedang
berlangsung, dan diskusi
5. Minisurveys:
Wawancara dilakukan pada 25-50 orang dengan teknik
nonprobability sampling. Kuesioner dibuat terstruktur dan
pertanyaan tertutup. Hal tersebut dapat membantu dalam
mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data lebih cepat