BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS

Patnugot, Arjay Joseph S.

 Basic Computer Concepts
Topics
Introduction
Nature of Computer
Uses of Computers
Milestones in Computer
Architecture
Computer System
Data Processing
Classification of
Computers
 Education Business

Why do we need computers?

Work Marketing
For all aspects of daily living

Communic
Pleasure Entertainm ation
ent
Three measurements to assess the
level of computer literacy

Interaction

Knowledge

Awareness
 What is a computer?

Electronic Device Manipulates Data

Storage Device Intelligent Machine

Programmable Communicative
Powerful Tool
NATURE OF COMPUTER
e fundamental characteristics of a comp
Storage
Speed Reliability
Capacity

By-products of these 3 Characteristics

Decision Cost
Productivity
Making Reduction
USES OF COMPUTER
 Areas of Computer Application

Graphics Retailing Energy PaperworkRobotics Law

Money Agriculture
GovernmentHome Education Human
Connection

Transportation
Sciences
ConnectivityHealth
Milestones in Computer Architecture
The Zeroth
Mechanical Computers
Generation
The First
Vacuum Tubes
Generation
The Second
Transistors
Generation
The Third
Integrated Circuits
Generation
The Fourth Very Large Scale
Generation Integration
PARTS OF A COMPUTER
 Six elements of a Computer
and Communication System
Data /
People Procedures
Information

Communicati
Hardware Software
on
 People
Are the most important part of, and beneficiaries of
a computer and communication system.

e can complicate the workings of a system in three

1. Faulty assessment of information need
2. Human emotions affect performance
3. Human perception maybe too slow
 Procedures

are description of how things are

done
are steps for accomplishing a result
maybe expressed in manuals or
documentation

are called documentation which

contain instructions, rules
or guidelines to follow when using
hardware or software
 Data / Information

Data
These are considered the raw material
processed by the computer
Consists of the raw facts and figures that
are processed into information
Information
Is summarized data or otherwise
manipulated data is useful for
decision-making.
 Data / Information
Characteristics of a useful
information
1. Relevant
2. Timely
3. Accurate
4. Concise
5. Complet
e
 Data / Information
Units of measurement for
capacity
Computer deals with on and off (high-
voltage and low-voltage) electrical states,
which are represented in the hardware in
terms
Unitsofof0s and 1s, called bits.
measurement for
capacity
Byte = 8 Bits Gigabyte = 1
Kilobyte = 1024 billion Bytes
Bytes Terabyte = 1
Megabyte = 1 trillion Bytes
million Bytes Petabyte = 1
 Hardware
Consists the machinery and equipment in computer
system.
Categories of Hardware
Input Devices

System Unit

Output Devices

Secondary Storage Devices

Communication Devices
 Hardware
Consists the machinery and equipment
in computer system.
Input Devices
Allow people to input data into the
computer in a form that the computer
can use.
Keyboard Mouse Scanner
 Hardware
Consists the machinery and equipment
in computer system.
System Unit
Houses the electronic circuitry called
Arithmet CPU and the Memory
ic / Random
Logic Access
Unit
Control Memo Memory
CPU
Unit ry Read
Register Only
s Memory
 Hardware
Consists the machinery and equipment
in computer system.
Output Devices
Translate information processed by the
computer into a form that humans can
understand
Monitor Printer Speaker
 Hardware
Consists the machinery and equipment
in computerStorage
Secondary system.
Devices
Permanently hold the data and
program files even it is not being used.
Also known as auxiliary storage
Diskette devices.CD and
Portable
Flash Drives
Hard Disk DVD
 Hardware
There are generally two different setups
you may
Consists usemachinery
the to connect your
and modem to
equipment
the
in phone line connection.
computer system.
Parallel Pass-through
Communication Devices
Wired Connections Wireless Connection
Network
Modem Interfaced
Card
 Software
Commonly known as programs
Consists of steps by step instructions
that tell the computer how to perform
a task.
Two Major Types of
Software
Operati
Custom ng
ized Applicati
System System
ons
Packag Software
Software
ed
 Communication
Electronic transfer of data from one
place to another of all six elements in a
computer system.
DATA PROCESSING
 The Three-part Functions of Data Processing
1. The delivery of source data by the staff as a basis for
computer processing
2. The transformation of data into information for
management
3. The management information which is the output of a
processing operation
Areas of Data Processing
Business Data Processing
Scientific Data Processing
Need to establish, retain Involves volume of input
and process files of data and many logical or
for producing arithmetic calculations.
information. Requiring one-time
Involves large volume of solution
data and output
 Data Processing Cycle

The
The initial
initial capture
capture of
of raw
raw data
data on
on
Origination
Origination documents
documents
Conversion
Conversion ofof raw
raw data
data into
into digital
digital
Input
Input form
form
Classifying,
Classifying, calculating,
calculating, recording
recording
Processing
Processing and
and summarizing
summarizing of of data
data
Output
Output Preparation
Preparation of
of data
data for
for user
user analysis
analysis
Storage
Storage and
and Preservation
Preservation of
of the
the result
result of
of the
the
feedback
feedback processed
processed data
data
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
 Classification of Computer
Computers are primarily classified according to the
following criteria:
General Special
Purpose Purpose Purpose
Computer Computer
Designed to Designed to
Manipulation handle variety solve special
of Data of applications types of
such as payroll problems.
and in Usually tailored
inventories to the needs of
Capacity Low-cost single customer
operations Lack of
Long and flexibility
extensive
testing during
production to
 Classification of Computer
Computers are primarily classified according to the
following criteria:

Purpose From the Capable of Combined

word reading the best
analogou numbers in features of
s which degrees of both
Manipulation means accuracy analog and
Analog Digital Hybrid
of Data similar digital
Convert Performs Has
data into logical measuring,
Capacity voltage operations logical and
and control
processes in capabilitie
high speed s
 Classification of Computer
Computers are primarily classified according to the
following criteria:

Purpose Supercomputers

Manipulation Mainframes
of Data
Minicomputers

Capacity Microcomputers
The End
Questions?
Clarification?
Suggestions?
Violent Reaction?
BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS
Patnugot, Arjay Joseph S.