Fire Safety

The Stats
Fire death statistics 1986-95
throughout the united states
2.1 Million Fires Reported Per Year
5,100 Average Civilian Deaths
28,500 Injuries
9.6 Billion Dollars in Losses
 Definitions
Carbon dioxide (co2)
Combustible
Combustion
Conduction
Convection
 Definitions
Fire cause
Fire prevention code
Flammable
Flash point
Ignition source
Ignition temperature
 Combustion
Chemical reaction between
Combustible material (fuel)
Oxygen
Ignition source
Rapid oxidation of combustible
material accompanied by a release of
energy in the form of heat and light
Types of Heat Energy
Chemical
heat of combustion
spontaneous heating
heat of decomposition
heat of solution
Types of Heat Energy
Electrical
Resistance Heating
Dielectric Heating
Induction Heating
Leakage Current Heating
Heat from Arcing
Static Electricity Heating
Heat Generated by Lighting
Types of Heat Energy
Mechanical
Frictional heat
Frictional sparks
Heat of compression
Nuclear heat energy
Nuclear Fission and Fusion
 Fire Tetrahedron
Triangle is out. Tetrahedron is in
Consists of 4 Sides

Oxygen Fuel

Heat Chain of reaction

Three Phases of Fire
Incipient
Oxygen content in air not reduced
Hot smoldering
Flame may cease to exist if area is
airtight
Burning reduced to glowing embers
Dense smoke fills the room
Free-burning
 Fire Hazards
Any
Material
Condition
Or act
That contributes to the start of a fire,
or
Increases the extent and severity of
a fire
 2 Types 0f Fire
Hazards
Common
Likely to be found in almost all
occupancies
Not associated with a specific:
Occupancy
Process or activity
Special
arises from the process or operations
taking place in the space
General Fire Safety
Housekeeping
Storage & Disposal of Trash & Debris
Containers - selected by waste type
general
smoking materials
oily rags
highly combustible materials
 Waste Containers
Locate away from
Heat sources
Space heaters; Furnaces; Steam pipes
Flammable & combustible liquids
Directly under combustible objects
Exterior cans
Locate away from buildings so a trash
fire will not spread to the building
 Flammable Trash
Cans
Dispose of flammable waste in:
non-combustible container
with self closing, tight fitting lid
Oily or Greasy Materials
store in trash can with
airtight lids
supported by legs so the bottom is several
inches off the floor
 Housekeeping
Outside
Keep roofs, yards, courts, vacant
lots & open spaces
Free of wastepaper
Weeds
Litter
Combustible waste & rubbish
 Types Of Fires
Class A
wood, cloth, paper, cardboard
Class B
flammable or combustible liquids,
gases
Class C
energized electrical equipment
Class D
combustible metal
Fire Extinguishers
Ratings
based on use by untrained operator
8 inch deep layer of flammable liquid
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
 Placement
Readily visible
Near points of entry & exit
Protected from vandalism
Uniformly distributed
No more than 50 feet travel distance to
fire for class B materials
No more than 75 feet travel distance to
fire for class A materials
 Placement
Easily accessible
Free from blockage
Near normal paths of travel
Mounted no more than 5 feet off ground
Large extinguishers (+40 pounds)
mounted on wheels
 Fire Extinguishers
Inspect monthly - ensure:
In proper location and it is accessible
Discharge nozzle or horn is not obstructed,
cracked or dirty
Operating instructions on the nameplate are
legible
Lock pins and tamper seals are in place
Extinguisher is full and ready for use
Extinguisher has an inspection tag
 Summary
Statistics Fire hazards
Definitions General fire
Combustion safety
principles Types of fires
Fire tetrahedron Portable fire
3 phases of fire extinguishers