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 Contents
There are Five Generations of computers:-
1. First Generation
2. Second Generation
3. Third Generation
4. Fourth Generation
5. Fifth Generation
 First Generation First Generation

Time period : 1944-1958

Technology : Vacuum Tube
based Computer / Used Vacuum
tubes for circuitry and magnetic
drums for memory
Cost :Very Expensive
Size : Bigger in size
Input/Output : Punch Card
 Vacuum Tubes
First Generation Electronic Computers used
Vacuum Tubes

Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with

circuits inside.

Vacuum tubes have no air inside of

them, which protects the circuitry
 Some computers of this generation
were:
ENIAC
EDVAC
UNIVAC
Advantage:
It is that they could perform thousands of
calculations each second, making it possible
decode messages in a useful time period (a few
hours).
Disadvantage:
They were too bulky.
AIR conditioning was required
They were not portable.
 Second Generation Computer
1959 to 1963
Use of transistors
Very costly
Supported machine and
assembly languages
 Transistors
Uses Silicon developed in 1948 won a Nobel
prize for on-off switch.

Second Generation Computers

used Transistors, starting in 1956.

Replaced vacuum tubes with

Transistors
Advantage:
They were smaller as compared to
first-generation computers.
They generated less heat.
They took comparatively less
computers time.
They were less prone to failure.
Disadvantage:
They required Air Conditioning.
Frequent maintenance was required.
They were difficult and quite
expensive
 Third Generation Computer
1964 to 1970
IC used
Smaller size
Still costly
Supported high-level language
 Integrated Circuits
Third Generation Computers used Integrated
Circuits (chips).

Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors,

and capacitors integrated together into a single
chip
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER

IBM-360 series
Honeywell-6000 series
PDP(Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316
Advantage:
1.They were smaller in size as compared to
the second-generation computers.
2. They generated less heat.
3.They were easily portable.
4.They were comparatively cheaper.
Disadvantage:
Air-conditioning required in many cases.
Highly sophisticated technology required for the
manufacture of IC chips.
 Fourth generation computer
The period of fourth generation was
1971-1980
VLSI technology used
Very small size
No A.C. needed
 Microprocessor
The 4004 had 2,250 transistors four-bit chunks
(four 1s or 0s) 108Khz Called Microchip

Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still

using microchip technology.

It is used in fourth generation computers.

Advantage:
They were cheaper.
They had a larger memory and high
functional speed.
They consumed less power.
Disadvantage:
Highly sophisticated technology
required for the manufacture of LSI
chips.
 Fifth generation computer
ULSI technology
Artificial intelligence
Availability of very powerful
Voice recognition
Natural language
 Artificial Intelligence
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in
development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition,
that are being used today. Artificial intelligence includes:

Games Playing

Expert Systems

Natural Language

Neural Networks

Robotics
 Desktop
Laptop
Notebook
Ultra Book
Chrome Book
 Advantage:
These computers are more reliable, works faster than other computers.

They are easily portable.

These computers are available in different sizes with different features,

with different affordable prices.

Having extra high processing speed.

Having capabilities of parallel processing.

WIRELESS!!!
Disadvantage
If Computer have their own brain then they
can harm the humanity