African Caribbean

Thought: Pan
Africanism,
Negritude and
Rastafari
Groups Members:
Latoya Ebanks
Nickesha Nicholson
What is Pan Africanism?

Pan Africanism is the theory

and movement that
encourages solidarity and
unity between all people of
African descent.
The Purpose of Pan Africanism

The purpose of the Pan

African Movement was to
establish independence
among African Nations and
promote unity among all
black people in the world
What was the goal of the Pan
Africanism Movement?

The goal of the Pan

Africanism movement was
to create unity among
AfricanNations and promote
unity among all black people
in the world.
Who started the Pan Africanism
Movement?

Although the ideas of Martin Delany,

Alexander Crummel; both African
Americans and Edward Blyden a West
Indian are important, the true father of
modern Pan-Africanism was the
influential thinker W.E.B. Du Bois; he
was a consistent American supporter
for the study of African history and
culture.
The History of Pan Africanism
The Pan Africanist ideas first began to circulate in the mid-
19th century in the U.S by the most important early Pan-
Africanists (Martin Delany, Alexander Crummel and Edward
Blyden)
ThePan AfricanMovement began in the 19th century
around the end of the First World War but was strengthened
by several conferences held in London between 1900 and
1923 emerged as a distinct political movement initially
formed and led by people from the Diaspora
The slogan for Pan Africanism is Africa for the Africans
which was quoted by MARCUS GARVEY.
Pan Africanism is devoted to retain the cultural aspects of
Africans worldwide and fight against racial discrimination
faced by Africans.
It was also developed to overcome the
obstacles facing the African Diaspora,
which is a scattered, diverse, and often
disadvantaged population
The contact with Europeans and Africans
during the slave trade during the New
World created black internationalism.
Because the Africans hated the slavery
and colonial system the Pan Africanism
movement was to oppose slavery and
colonialism.
Delany believed that black
people could not prosper
alongside whites & that African
Americans should separate from
the U.S and establish their own
nation.
Crummel & Blyden both thought
that Africa was the best place
for that new nation
They concluded that Africans in
the Americas should return to
their homelands and convert
Among the more-important Pan-Africanist thinkers of
the 20th century was Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey
After World War 1, he vigorously supported the
cause of African independence
He organized the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), boasted millions of members,
envisioning and made plans for a return back to
Africa and for them to exchange goods and services
Garveys Black Star Line, a shipping company
established in part to transport blacks back to Africa
as well as to facilitate global black commerce was
unsuccessful
 Leaders of Pan Africanism

Pan-Africanism exists as a
governmental and grassroots
objective. Pan-African advocates
include leaders such as Haile
Selassie, Julius Nyerere,
Ahmed Sekou Toure, Kwame
Nkrumah and Muammar
Gaddaf, grassroots organizers
such as Marcus Garvey and
Malcolm X, academics such as
W. E. B. Du Bois, and others in
Caribbean Pan Africanists

Marcus Garvey Jamaica

TES Scholes - Jamaica
George Padmore Trinidad
CLR James - Trinidad
Norman Cameron, Walter Rodney
Guyana
Rosie Douglas Dominica
George Odlum St Lucia
Pan Africanism in Contemporary
Caribbean Society.

Pan-Africanism remains as a
democratic vision, to erase the
inequalities of racism; to challenge
the unpopular capitalist "New World
Order" represented by the IMF, the
World Bank, and more recently by
the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA). In addition Pan-
Africanism is still a important
political framework bringing together
the collective ideologies of people of
African descent in our eternal
NEGRITUDE
 Negritude
Negritude,FrenchNgritude, the
literary movement, was born out of
the Paris intellectual environment of
1930s and 1940s
It is a product of French-speaking
African and Caribbean writers living
in Paris joining together through the
French language to assert their
cultural identity.
The movement was developed to
reject European colonization and its
role in the African Diaspora, pride in
 Goals of Negritude

To reject the political, social and

moral domination of the West and
enlighten the black race such that
there is an acceptance of the black
self.
To eliminate the barriers between
black people from the various
French colonies
 History of Negritude
The movement is deeply rooted in Pan-African
congresses, exhibitions, organizations, and
publications produced to challenge the theory of
race hierarchy and black inferiority developed by
philosophers such as Friedrich Hegel and Joseph de
Gobineau.

The founders of Negritude were in part inspired by

their encounters with members of the Harlem
Renaissance, many of whom were living in France at
the time to escape racism and segregation in the
United States.
Negritude became internationally recognized with
the publication of Csaire's book-length
poem,Cahier d'un retour au pays natal(Return to
my native land) in 1939.

The mobilization of young black women students in

Paris signaled the beginning of an international
solidarity network among Africans and people of
African descent.

Negritude sought to ground and, indeed, to

legitimize the difference of the black aesthetic in a
set of biological concepts meant to firmly separate
the black experience from the white experience.
Rastafa
 Rastafari
Rastafari is a Afro-religion developed in
Jamaica in the 1930s.
Rastafarians believe Haile Selassie is God
and that he will return to Africa members
of the black community who are living in
exile as the result of colonization and the
slave trade.
The Rastafarian movement impacted by
Pan Africanism (a black-consciousness
movement)
Rastafari theology developed from the
 Garvey taught his followers the
African culture and to overcome
their feelings of inferiority and
they should return to their
homeland (Africa) to create a
future.
 Rastafari holds many Christian
beliefs like the existence of a God,
called Jah, who had sent his divine
incarnate (made flesh) son to Earth
in the form of Jesus (Yeshua) and
made himself manifest as the divine
person of Haile Selassie I.
Rastafarians believe Haile Selassie is
God and that he will return to Africa
members of the black community
who are living in exile as the result of
colonisation and the slave trade.
 It is Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Tony
Rebel et al. used reggae music to
amplify the message of freedom for
Africans.
Rastafarians believe that blacks are the
chosen people of God, but that through
colonisation and the slave trade their
role has been suppressed
The movement's greatest concerns are
the repatriation of blacks to their
homeland, Africa, and the reinstatement
of blacks' position in society
 In the early 1930's Leonard Howell, Joseph
Hinds and Thomas Hibbert began the
movement in the hills of St. Thomas.
They later moved into the slums of West
Kingston, attracting poor youths who were
dissatisfied with the neglect and
hopelessness under the British colonial
system (Babylon).
Rastafarianism interpreted the Bible in
terms of the needs of black people.
Selassie was viewed as the black
reincarnated Christ, due to his being of
King David's lineage. Ethiopia was the
promised land, and repatriation to Africa
Beliefs and Practices of
Rastafarianism
Ital" Diet and Dreadlocks
- Rastas follow a dietary law called Ital. Ital food is
food which is completely natural (not canned and
free of chemicals and preservatives) and eaten as
raw as possible.

- they dont eat pork or drink coffee or milk.

- One of the most visible practices of Rastafarians

is the wearing of one's hair in dreadlocks.

This practice shows naturalness and simplicity,

which are associated with Africa the Rasta's roots
in Africa
Rastafarian colours
The Rastafarian colours are red, green and
gold. Sometimes black is added. These
colours are chosen because:
Red signifies the blood of those killed for
the cause of the black community,
throughout Jamaican history
Green represents Jamaica's vegetation and
hope for the eradication of suppression
Gold symbolizes the wealth of Ethiopia
Black signifies the colour of the Africans
who initiated Rastafari
THE END