MAGNETIC LEVITATION

Contents:
Introduction
Direct Diamagnetic
Levitation How it
Works,Applications
Maglev methods
History
Applications
Advantages
Conclusion
References
 Introductio
n:
Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic
suspension is a method by which an
object is suspended above another object
with no support other than magnetic
field .

The electromagnetic force is used to

counteract the effects of the gravitational
force.
 Direct Diamagnetic
Levitation How it Works
Diamagnetic materials repel a
magnetic field

All materials have diamagnetic

properties, but the effect is very
weak, and usually overcome by the
objects paramagnetic or
ferromagnetic properties, which act
in the opposite manner

By surrounding a diamagnetic
material with a magnetic field, it
can be held in a stationary position
(the magnetic force is strong
enough to counteract gravity)
Direct Diamagnetic
Levitation Applications
Water is primarily diamagnetic, so
water droplets and objects that
contain large amounts of water can
be levitated
MAGLEV METHODS :
Repulsion between like poles of permanent magnets or
electromagnets.

Repulsion between a magnet and a metallic conductor induced by

relative motion.

Repulsion between a metallic conductor and an AC electromagnet.

Repulsion between a magnetic field and a diamagnetic substance.

Repulsion between a magnet and a superconductor.

Attraction between unlike poles of

permanent magnets or electromagnets.

Attraction between the open core of an

electromagnetic solenoid and a piece of
iron or a magnet.

Attraction between a permanent magnet

or electromagnet and a piece of iron.
 Super Levitron
Two opposing neodymium-iron-boron permanent
magnets.

Invention by Roy Harrigan.

The rotation of a spinning objects axis of spin

creates a torroid of genuine stability.

The top remain levitating in a central point in

space above the base where the forces acting on
the top- gravitational, magnetic, and gyroscopic-
are in equilibrium.

Stops due to air resistance.

Why it works???
The principle

Two similar poles repel, and two

different poles attract, with forces that
are stronger when the poles are
closer.

There are four magnetic forces on

the top.

The north-north repulsion dominates,

and the top is magnetically repelled.

It hangs at the point of equilibrium

where the total force is zero.
Applications :
Maglev Trains- The magnetized
coil running along the track,
repels the large magnets on the
train's undercarriage, allowing the
train to levitate

Bio magnetism- in MRI

Particle accelerators- to
accelerate sub-atomic particles to
nearly the speed of light

In peta flop computers. A peta

flop is a thousand-trillion floating
NASA

Maglev technology
could give space
vehicles a running
start to break
from Earths
gravity
Maglev Space
Propulsion :
Launching systems
would use
magnetic fields to
levitate and
accelerate a
vehicle along a
track .
Reaching the end
of the track, the
vehicle could
switch to more
conventional
agnetic Levitation Vehicles:

The History
 1750 John Mitchell conducted the first
experiments measuring the magnetic
forces between the poles of a magnet .

1900 Robert Goddard and Emile Bachelet

conceive the concept of frictionless trains.

1969 American scientist James R. Powell

and Gordan T. Danby patented the first
design for Maglev trains.
1990 The initial phase of the
Yamanashi Maglev Test Line
commences.
Magnetic Levitation Wind
Turbine:
Maximum overall
efficiency of windmill is
30%.

The remaining energy is

mainly lost in friction.

If the same windmill is

operating at 50% of its
maximum speed the
efficiency becomes very
low.
 Due to wear and tear
performance of the machine
deteriorates.

Normal windmill can start its

generation from wind speed
of 3 m/s. But windmill
using magnetic levitation can start
generation from wind speed of
1.5m/s.
ADVANTAGES OF
MAGLEV
TRANSPORTATION
No surface contact or friction to slow them
down. More speed = More passengers.

Faster trips

High reliability

Petroleum independence with respect to air

and auto as a result of being electrically
powered.
 Less polluting

Potential for high

capacities at 3-4 minutes headways.

High safety.

Convenient due to high

frequency of service, vibration free
train rides and quieter.

At speeds below 249.4 kmph

the noise produced by Maglev trains
is less than that by conventional
trains. At speeds above 155 mph,
most of the noise produced by vehicle
is of aerodynamic origin, whether it is
on rail or levitated.
CONCLUSION:

As Maglev uses magnets to

levitate and propel the trains
forward and as there is no
friction ,the trains can reach high
speeds.
Also ,it is safe and efficient way
to travel.
References:

www.google.com/images

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglev

www.popularmechanics.com/.../
8-ways-magnetic-levitation-could-shape-the-
future

www.calvin.edu/~pribeiro/courses/engr302
/.../302%20MagLev%20
 Thank
you..