ORGANIC AND PRESENTED BY:

MEMOONA MEMON
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AN D
FAZILA KANWAL
 INTRODUCTION
Early chemists realized that
organic and inorganic compounds
are different in their properties.
By the end of the eighteenth
century, chemists had divided
compounds into two broad
categories: organic and inorganic.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Late 18th century: Organic term was used only for those
substances which were obtained from animal or plants sources
and could not be prepared in the laboratory.
VITAL FORCE THEORY:The origin and properties of organic
compounds led early chemists to postulate that organic
compounds are unique to living organisms.
They postulated that living organisms employed a vital forcea
mystical or supernatural powerthat allowed them to produce
organic compounds.
They thought it impossible to produce an organic compound
outside of a living organism because the vital force is not present.
This beliefwhich became known as vitalismwas thought to
explain why no chemist had succeeded in synthesizing an organic
compound in the laboratory.
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
In 1828, a German chemist named
Friedrich Whler (18001882)
proved vitalism wrong.
Whler heated ammonium cyanate
(an inorganic compound) and
formed urea (an organic compound).
Whlers experiment was a crucial
step in opening all of life to scientific
investigation.
Whler showed that the compounds
that compose living organisms follow
scientific laws and can be studied
and understood.
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Mid 19th Century: re-define organic substances:
Those composed of Carbon, Hydrogen (usually) and
other elements (maybe i.e. oxygen ,sulphur ,nitrogen
etc).
Note: Carbon Dioxide , Carbon Monoxide , Metal
Carbonates and metal cyanides are not classified as
Organic Compounds.

But Why We study Organic Compounds

Separately....??
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
The number of compounds containing carbon
is greater than the number of compounds of
all the rest of the elements in the periodic
table combined.
A second reason is Catenation property of
carbon, more than any other element, can
bond to itself to form chain, branched, and
ring structures.
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Organic chemistry overlaps with many areas including:
Medicinal chemistry: The design, development, and
synthesis of medicinal drugs. It overlaps with pharmacology
(the study of drug action).
Food
Organometallic chemistry: The study of chemical chemistry
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
Polymer chemistry: The study of the chemistry of
polymers.
Physical organic chemistry: The study of the
interrelationships between structure and reactivity in
organic molecules.
Stereochemistry: The study of the spatial arrangements of
atoms in molecules and their effects on the chemical and
physical properties of substances.

Fossil Fuels
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Classification of Organic Compounds:
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
The field of organic chemistry includes more than
twenty million compounds for which properties have
been determined and recorded in the literature. Many
hundreds of new compounds are added every day.
Much more than half of the world's chemists are
organic chemists. Some new organic compounds are
simply isolated from plants or animals; some are
made by modifying naturally occurring chemicals; but
most new organic compounds are actually synthesized
in the laboratory from other (usually smaller) organic
molecules. Over the years organic chemists have
developed a broad array of reactions that allow them
to make all kinds of complex products from simpler
starting materials.
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
In Our Body: The element
carbon is not found in a pure
form in the human body, but
rather in compounds within the
body. Carbon constitutes
roughly 18 percent of body
mass, and millions of carbon
atoms form the thousands of
molecules in virtually every
cell. Carbon is the basic
building block required to form
proteins, carbohydrates and
fats, and it plays a crucial role
in regulating the physiology of
the body.
 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION: It is the branch of chemistry that
deals with the chemistry of elements and their
compounds, generally obtained from non living
organism i.e. minerals.
includes compounds that do not contain carbon.
i.e. NaCl, SO2, etc.
Few that do contains carbon.
Inorganic chemistry is also closely related to
other disciplines such as materials sciences,
physical chemistry, thermodynamics, earth
sciences, mineralogy, crystallography,
spectroscopy etc.
 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
However,
the boundary between organic and inorganic
compounds is not always well defined. For example, oxalic acid,
H2C2O4, is a compound formed in plants, and it is generally
considered an organic acid, but it does not contain any C-H
bond.
Organic compounds that contain Carbon:
Oxides of carbon. (CO2 and CO)
Any compound with Carbonate ion. () i.e. KNa
Any compound with contain just metal and carbon i.e. CaC 2 and
SiC
HCN, Or a compound with a metal and CN group i.e. NaCN, KCN.
Note: when the CN group appears with other carbon atom then
compound is Organic.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Branches of inorganic chemistry include:
Bioinorganic chemistry: The study of the interaction of
metal ions with living tissue, mainly through their direct
effect on enzyme activity.
Geochemistry: The study of the chemical composition and
changes in rocks, minerals, and atmosphere of the earth or
a celestial body.
Nuclear chemistry: The study of radioactive substances.
Organometallic chemistry: The study of chemical
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
Solid-state chemistry: The study of the synthesis,
structure, and properties of solid materials.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
THE WORD ORGANIC MEANS YOU'RE
DEALING WITH CARBON COMPOUNDS.
CARBON IS AN ELEMENT YOU MIGHT BE
FAMILIAR WITH. IT'S AN ELEMENT THAT IS
PRESENT IN ALL FORMS OF LIFE AND IS THE
FOURTH MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENT IN THE
UNIVERSE. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IS
BASICALLY THE STUDY OF CARBON-
HYDROGEN BONDS. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY,
ON THE OTHER HAND, IS THE OPPOSITE. IT
IS THE STUDY OF THE FORMATION,
SYNTHESIS, AND PROPERTIES OF
COMPOUNDS THAT DO NOT CONTAIN
CARBON-HYDROGEN BONDS.
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CHEMISTRY
There are
around
100,000 known
inorganic
compounds
INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
while there are around two
million known organic
compounds.
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CHEMISTRY
Examples of inorganic
compounds include:
Sodium chloride (NaCl): used as
table salt
Silicon dioxide (SiO2): used in
computer chips and solar cells
Sapphire (Al2O3): a well-known
gemstone
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4): a
INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
Inorganic compounds can
be classified into two main
categories
MOLECULER: covalent
bonds , non metal
elements , small group, but
very common
Example: co2 ,
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CHEMISTRY

Classification Of
Organic
Compounds:
Acids
Bases
Salts
Oxides