vasion and Resistivity Profiles

p.6

1
Drilling Mud

2
nvaded zone

3
Uninvaded zone

4
 the freshwater mud is used
A A Water reservoir
high high B Water reservoir
Rmf Ri
C HC reservoir
!00 % Saline Water
saturated No HCs
HC bearing Fm
C
High
B Rmf Rmf
+ Rw
High
Rmf ResidualResidual HCs
HCs
Rmf !00 % Saline Water
Rw saturated No HCs

Annulus
Zone
High conc of Rw
+ RHCs
5
 Figure 1.4 in p.13 : Resistivity profile for a
transition style invasion of water bearing
formation .
Water Bearing Fm Remember that Fm water i
therefore it has low Rw

MUD TYPE PAG

Case 1 Freshwater Mud [Rmf > 3 Rw] Logs in

Case 2 Saltwater Mud [Rmf = Rw] Logs in F

6
 Figure 1.4 p. 13. Resistivity profile
for a
transition-style invasion of a water
bearing formation

These examples
= Rt
assume Sw to be more
High
mfDecreasing than 60%
mf + inc. Rw

= Rt
Log
examples
7

Example Freshwater Mud [Rmf > 3 Rw]
Water Bearing Fm Salty connate water:
Figure 1.6 p. 15
ILD=Deep Induction Log Measures R
ILM=Medium Induction Log - Ri
SFLU=Spherically Focused log Resistiv

1- High resistivity in the

ILD flushed zone (high Rxo)
Low Rt SFLU-High
ILM Rxo 2- A lesser resistivity in the
Ri
100 ft
transition zone (medium R
Sand
3- A low resistivity in the
uninvaded zone (lower Rt=

Summary: Rxo > Ri > R

8
 Saltwater Mud
Exampl [Rmf = Rw]
Water
Figure 1.7 Bearing Fm Salty connate water:
e
p. 16
ILD=Deep Laterolog - Rt
LLS=Shallow Laterolog - Ri
RX0=Microresistivity Rxo

Low /almost equal

4986 resistivity in the
Flushed,
58ft Transition and
Uninvaded zones
9924 Summary: Rxo = Ri = Rt

9 64
 Figure 1.5 p.14 Resistivity Profile for a Transition
Style Invasion:
Formation is HC bearing
HC Bearing Fm HC bearing Fm has salty connate water with low Ro
HC with high Rt

Case 1 Freshwater Mud [Rmf > 3 Rw] Logs i

Fig. 1.8

Case 2 Salt water Mud [Rmf = Rw] Logs in

Fig. 1.9

10
Figure 1.5 p. 14. Resistivity profile for a transition-
style invation of
a hydrocarbon bearing
formation

High High These examples

Rmf Rmf, assume Sw to be much
RHCs RHCs
Low Rw less than 60%

11
 Freshwater Mud [Rmf > 3 Rw]
Example
HC Bearing Fmhas salty connate water (low Ro)+Oi
Figure 1.8 p. 17
ILD=Deep Induction Log Rt
ILM=Medium Induction Log - Ri
SFLU=Spherically Focused log Resistivi

8748
ILD Rt HCs High Rt
Sand 26 ft
ILM Ri Ri is mixture of Rmf and R
SFLU High Rxo Rmf + RHCs
8774
Summary:
Rxo >Ri >Rt or
Rxo > Ri < Rt 12
 Salty water mud low Rmf
Examples
HC Bearing Fm Oil high Rt
Figure 1.9 p. 18

LLD=Deep laterolog resistiv

LLS=Shallow laterolog resist
MSFL= Microspherically focu
log resistivity Rxo
9306

LLS Low Ri
MSFL Low Rxo LLD High Rt
HC Bearing Fm, 32 m

Summary:
Rxo < Ri < Rt

9409

13
p. 11
Adress: [PDF] Elevations, Heights and Datums
in Data Models

15
 CORRECTION of Rm,
Rmf, Rw
for Formation
Figure 1.11. Chart for
Temperature
adjusting 1
fluid resistivities for 2
temperature. 3

(Schlumberger,
1998)

Example : 2
Rm = 1.2 ohm-m
at 75F. 1
Tf = 160F.
Rm= Answer
? At 160oF
m= 0.58 ohm-m at 160oC 16
 Formation water classification by Gorrell
(1958) AAPG.
0 to 1000 ppm NaClFresh
water

1000 to 10000 ppm NaCl

Brackish water

10000 to 100000 ppm NaCl

Salt water

over 100000 ppm NaClBrine

17
0.3 ohm-m

0.13 ohm-m
0.015

1
 CHAPTER 2 101-119
Spontaneous Potential- SP
GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. . . . .. 21
Bed thickness, Resistivity, Borehole and invasion, Shale
content. . . . . . . 21
Hydrocarbon content. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ... . . . . .22
FORMATION WATER RESISTIVITY [Rw] DETERMINATION. .
. . . . . . . . .22
SHALE VOLUME CALCULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ..23
REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
19
EXAMPLES.25-
ontaneous Potential p. 27
Problem
Determination of Rw from on SP log.
ple uses the charts on Fig. 2.3 through Fig. 2.5

Rmf= 0.51 ohm-m at 135oF (BHT)

Rm= 0.91 ohm-m at 135oF (BHT)
Surface temperature = 60oC
Total Depth = 8007 ft
Bottom Hole temperature (BHT) = 135oF.

log: Formation depth at maximum SP deflection is 7446 ft.

P deflection in the sand coincides with -50 mV. Shale base lin
Bed Thickness= 8 ft
Short -normal (SN) Ri = 33 ohm-m transition zone 20
 -50mV -5mV
-60mV

0 Short-normal [Ri]

7442
7446 ft SN Ri= 33 h= 8 feet
7450

21
PROCEDURE How to get Rw from SP

Determine Tf

Correct Rm and Rmf

Determine SP

Correct SP to SSP (correct for a thin bed)

Determine Rmf/Rwe ratio and from that determine R

Correct Rwe to Rw

22
ure 1. Determine Tf . Use Fig. 1.10 and the information above to calculate

use surface temperature 60oF scale

=135oF and TD=8007 ft find
Then
Fm depth=7446 ft to find
Tf= 130 oF
Fm depth
Total
7446depth
ft
8007 ft

130oF 135oF

23
dure 2 . Correct Rm and Rmf to Tf using Figure 1.11.

Figure 1.11. Chart

for adjusting
fluid resistivities for
temperature.

Rmf at Tf=0.53
Rmf = 0.51 ohm-m
Rmf=0.51
at 135F.
Tf = 130F. what is
Rmf= ?
Rmf= 0.53 ohm-m at 130oC

Rm = 0.91 ohm-m at 135F.

Tf = 130F. what is Rm= ?

130F135F
Rm= 0.94 ohm-m at 130oC

24
rocedure 4. Correct SP to SSP
orrection for thin bed)

Bed Thickness, h (ft)

Bed Thickness, h (m)

Ri/Rm
=33/0,94= 35

LOGCorrected

Ri/Rm curves
SSP= -59 mV
1.3 SP Correction Factor

25
ocedure 5 Determine Rmf/Rwe ratio from SSP.

SSP=-59

Rmf /Rwe 26
 Procedure 6 Correct Rwe to get Rw
Figure 2.5 Chart for determining
the value of Rw from Rwe

1. Locate the value of Rwe on the y ax

Rwe = 0.096 ohm-m
Rwe or Rmfeq (ohm-m)

2. Follow it horizontally until it intersec

the FoC curve desired.
130oF is between 100oF and 150oC cur

3. Drop vertically from the intersection and

read a value for Rw on the scale bottom as
Rw= 0,10 ohm-m

Rw or Rmf (ohm-m) 27