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Health
Agita Diora Fitri, S.kom, M.kkk
In 20th century, US National Council Report, CDC 1999
CDC, US
Health & safety
Reduction of the number of deaths from
was 1 of 10
14,500 to 5,100 ( decline 90%) & work
great
force more than tripled from 39 million to
achievements
130 million
of public health
What is Occupational
Health??
Occupational health
Occupational health is the promotion & Disease related to
maintenance of the highest level of physical, occupations part
mental and social wellbeing of workers in all of public health
occupations by preventing departures from
Increasingly relate
health, controlling risk & adapting of work to
to environmental
people & people to their job (ILO & WHO,
health
1950)
Other field
What happen
At the place of
The worker, the health of the employment
worker, retired or laid off
worker
Hazardous
Development of Occupational
Health
-the oldest sector of public health, documentation of
occupational diseases Was begun 1700 by Ramazini, historic
diseases examples of work related health hazard & diseases : scurvy
among sailors, cancer of the scrotum specific to chimney in90th
centuries, black lung in coal miners, mercury poisoning in hat
market, etc
during the early part of 19th century Internation
al league
-the harsh working conditions of children, women & other worker led of nations,
to parliamentary action to regulate mines & factories Internation
al Labour
1833 in UK Organizatio
-appointed to administer the provisions of the factory & workshop act n (ILO) , &
other
1898 in UK internation
al
-Thomas Legge become the 1st appointed to the post of chief factory organizatio
inspector, he articulated the basic health approach to worker health n
& established the principle that management is responsible for the
employees health
Government responsibility for setting standards, monitoring,
interviewing & regulating compensation grew slowly over the past
century
Case report, epidemiologic studies and advocacy regarding the
effect of lead, asbestos, vinyl chloride, silica & dust fiber led step to
reduce the hazards to worker & provides the professional support for
The Health Worker, Occupational
Morbidity & Mortality
The burner of occupational
The Health morbidity & mortality
Demographically
Worker different Workforce is made up 135 person with 71.4%
(population, epidemiologically between the ages of 25 & 54, premature
from population matched for disease, injury & death related to
age n sex occupational health exposure are a major
Process of selection of workers burden on the economy & the health system
that exclude severely iill and Over the period from 1980-1994, a total of
disable from employment 88,622 workers died in US from work related
injuries & an additional 60,000 died from
This termed the healthy worke occupational disease
effect and is a factor to e Estimates annual cost $128-$155 billion
consider in occupational health
1980-2005 related cumulative effects of
studies & practice
increased awareness & regulation of
worksite dangers & toxins as well as
technology & mechanization, change in the
economy & workforce distribution
Work injury maybe due to improving care of
the injured or to a real increase in number of
injuries in 2001 in the US, there were 5.7 non
fatal injuries with lost work days/100
employees in private sector a reductin from
1992
The United Stated
Workforce
Tabel 1.1 Employed civilians in the United States, by
Industry
Industry
(1993) Size of Workforce
(in million)
Agriculture 3.1
Mining 0.7
Construction 7.2
Manufacturing 19.6
Transportation and public utilities 8.5
Wholesale and retail trade 24.8
Finance, insurance, real estate 8.0
Services 41.8
Public Administration 5.8
Total 119.3
Poisoning 13,400 2
Recogniz
Not Reported ed
as
Being
Related
to work
Medical attention received,
but relationship of illness
to work not recognized
Prevention of occupational injuries, death and diseases was governed by state and local
government or market forces
In 1970, federal initiative to raise standards of occupational health & safety act, established two
government agencies to implement the act , the occupational safety and health administration
(OSHA), CDCs national institute of occupational safety & health (NIOSH)
OSHA is responsible for promulgation and enforcement activities, within the US Department of
Labor, OSHA sets standard based on consensus derived from professional organization in
consultation with labor, industry, and health to promote safety, reduce risk for employees & set
performance standard for employees
The act provides an environment for regulation and study of occupational health issues including
public petition, court decisions & new research finding used to formulate priorities for standard
development
Monitoring is done by a combination of federal , state and local health authorities with participation
of professional & industrial organization
The legal responsibility for worker safety and health is placed with approach
Occupational Health Targets
Occupational Targets
Risk Assessment
Identify & quantifying occupational & environmental risk by clinical
observation, supplemented by epidemiologic analysis that can be
identified toxic n carcinogenic factors that can be reduced or eliminating
by public health intervention
Inspecting the place of work
Preventing disaster in the Work Place
Occupational Healths
Aspect
Occupational medical
Toxicology industry
Occupational ergonomic
Occupational Industry (Hygiene
Industry)
Occupational safety
Occupational environmental /
epidemiology
Case study
Health promotion
Who?
Why?
Hazards? Physical, biology, ergonomic,
chemical
Output?