Risky Sexu

al
Torre Shepker Behavior
CNS 760
What scho
ol staf ca
n do to ad
Assignment 7.1 these issu dress
es.
February 28, 2016
Risky Sexual Behavior
0 By spending time with a current or potential
girlfriend or boyfriend, adolescents are
developing their romantic and sexual
identities, which set the stage for their adult
relationships
(Wildsmith, Barry, Manlove, & Vaughn, 2013)

0 Even though this is a natural progression of

human development, our students are prone
to risky consequences that can be prevented
with proper education, training, and attitude.
So whats the 0 Adolescents engage in:
risk? 0 Sexual contact with
multiple sex partners
0 Intercourse under the
influence of alcohol and/or
drugs

0 This places them at a

higher risk of
0 Unplanned pregnancy
0 Acquiring STDs
0 Consistently engaging in even one type of risky
behavior can undermine progress toward positive
educational goals, such as graduating high school on
time and can increase the likelihood that social,
behavioral, physical, and mental health problems will
develop later in life
Behavioral
Physical
Social

Emotional Mental

Whats at stake?
Trends in
America
I mean, re
ally, how
prevalent
is this?
 Comparison of the Onset of Sexual
Intercourse

80%
70%
70% 65%
60%
50% 50%
50%
By Age 14
40% By Age 17
30% By Age 19
20%
10% 8% 6%
0%
Boys Girls
Amount of Partners reported by Teens Age 15-19

Single Sex Partner

Multiple Sex
Partner

39% of Females & 34 % of

Males report having only
one sexual partner
 Co-occurrence of Drugs and
Alcohol with Risky Sexual
Behavior

0 28% of boys and 18% of girls who had sex

recently reported using drugs or drinking
alcohol before their most recent sexual
experience
(Holcombe, Peterson, & Manlove, 2008).
 10% of Females

Percentages of
teens that
reported their
first sexual
experience as
INVOLUNTARY
or COERCIVE

6% of Males
 Protective Measures

Contraceptive
s Not Used
Contraceptive
s Used

Seven in ten pregnancies

of adolescent teens
occurred by not using any
method of contraception
when they became
pregnant.
First step:
Know risk
factors
Risk Factors
Internal External

0 Dating, especially early,

steady dating
0 Early onset of 0 Parents' marital
disruption and living with
puberty a single parent
0 High levels of 0 Lower family incomes
0 Disadvantaged
androgen neighborhoods
hormones (i .e., 0 Lesser supervision
0 Type of parental
testosterone) modeling
0 Unconventional 0 early use of alcohol,
tobacco and other drugs,
psychosocial school problems,
attitudes and delinquency, and
physical aggression
behaviors 0 More permissive
attitudes in single parent
families
0 Having sexually active
siblings and friends
 Lack of
Contraceptive Use

A major challenge to
preventing pregnancies is
the fact that so many
adolescents delay seeking
contraceptive services until
some months after they have
become sexually active.
The delay between first
intercourse and obtaining
contraceptive services
has been found to
average almost one year
in some studies.
Related
Problem
Behaviors
Social Media & Cell
Phones
0 More than one third
of adolescents have
sent or posted
sexually suggestive
messages via text,
instant message
(IM), or email
 Infectious Diseases

0 Oral sex and anal sex do not put

adolescents at risk of pregnancy; however,
unless precautions are taken, they can put
youth at increased risk of STDs

0 (Wildsmith, Barry, Manlove, & Vaughn, 2013).

Diminished Performance
0 Unplanned pregnancy afects overall school
performance such as grades and
extracurricular activities.
0 Additionally, teen pregnancys afects on
social situations has been reported to be
more negativistic, leading to depression
and/or other mental health issues.
Related
Considera
ti o ns
Understan
d Implicat
ions for In
Programs -School
 Afterschool Programs

0 Adolescents in high-quality programs were more

likely to:
0 avoid risky behaviors
0 have better performance in school
0 have greater social competence than those who were not
enrolled in such programs.

0 High quality afterschool programs ofer structured,

supervised, and safe opportunities for community
involvement and, in turn, reduce opportunities for
delinquent and other risky behaviors, which are greatest
during the afterschool hours

0 (Terzian, Andrews, & Moore, 2011).

 Parent-Child Relationships

0 Teens who talked often with their parents were

less likely to become school-aged mothers
0 Having better educated parents, supportive
family relationships, parental supervision,
sexually abstinent friends, good school grades
and attending church frequently are all related
to later onset of sexual intercourse.

0 (Moore, Miller, Sugland, Morrison, Glei, & Blumenthal, 1995)

Viable
Practices
Things tha
t can be d
prevention one to inc
of risky se rease the
xual beha
vior.
Skills Training Programs
0 Teach parents 0 Teach students
parenting skills, such about sexual
as discipline, vigilance to prevent
monitoring, limit assault and how to
setting, and prevent pregnancy,
communication, to STDs, etc
change how they
interact and
condone with
regards to sexual
behavior
Example of Skills Training Program:
Be Proud! Be Responsible! (Jemmott, n.d.)

0 A six-part evidence-based curriculum that

provides adolescents with the knowledge,
motivation, and skills necessary to change their
behaviors in ways that will reduce their risk of
pregnancy or contracting HIV and other sexually
transmitted diseases
0 Six 50-minute sessions, which can be presented
over one to six days
0 Groups ranging from 6 or more participants
RealCare Baby Simulator (RealityWorks, 2016)

0 Includes simulator
babies and pregnancy
simulation to help in
addressing topics related
to parenting, child
development, teen
pregnancy prevention,
child abuse prevention,
child care careers
Therapy (group-focused)
interventions

0 Include group therapy interventions in efort to

increase the frequency of parent-adolescent
discussions about sex-related topics and the content of
those discussions. This also gives group participants
opportunity to gain acceptance and comfort from
other parents.
 Example of Group-Focused
Intervention
Draw the Line/Respect the Line(DTL/RTL) (ETR, n.d.)

0 Abstinence-focused program for students in grades

6, 7, and 8
0 Designed to encourage youth to delay having sexual
intercourse to reduce the incidence of sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV/AIDS, and
pregnancy.
0 Three-part program developing young peoples
interpersonal and intrapersonal skills so that they
can set sexual limit; with regards to sexually
experienced teens, the program focuses on reducing
sexual activity and encouraging condom use.
0 19 lessons implemented during a 4550-minute
standard classroom timeframe. Five grade 6 lessons,
seven grade 7 lessons, and seven grade 8 lessons.
Inclusion
Parents ar
e the key
to success
!!
Parent Programs
Parent education training Parent-child involvement
programs (group and programs
individual level):

0 Deliver information 0 Provide teens and

about risk factors of parents with
opportunities to
sexualized participate together in
behaviors in activities that are
adolescents and related to efectively
teens as well as increasing the frequency
how to handle of parent-adolescent
discussions about sex-
situations when
related topics and the
adolescents/teens content of those
become sexually discussions
active.
 Parent Involvement
Program
Families Talking Together: Helping Parents and
Teens Talk About Sex

0 Include assistance in helping parents work WITH their child

to:
0 Prevent Too-Early Pregnancies
0 Teaches parents how to talk with their teen
0 Gives support in how parents can efectively monitor and
supervise their child(ren)
0 Coaches parents on speaking to their child about sex and
related topics
Assessme
nt
Making su
re our pro
and benefi grams are
cial to sch efective
ool and st
mission udent
Cross-Sectional survey
(questionnaire)
0 Given to student before and after plan is implemented
to assess knowledge of topics to be covered, quality of
parent-child relationship, and ability to communicate.
 Phone Interviews
0 Conducted with
parents to assess
quality of parent-child
relationships,
openness and ability
to communicate,
preference of
personal/religious
values associated with
sexualized behaviors,
and level of knowledge
regarding childs
sexualized behaviors
(or lack thereof).
 Statistics
0 With percentages of students engaging in
risky sexualized behaviors
0 To include rates of:
0 Unprotected & protected sex
0 Other sexualized behaviors
0 Unplanned pregnancy, abortion/adoption, etc
0 Comorbid factors (drugs, alcohol)
0 Preceding and following program
implementation after 1 program and over
subsequent years
 60% perc
ent of
sexually e
xperience
teenagers d
wish that
they had w
aited
longer
Can we no
t help stud
ents acco
this? mplish
 References
0 Akers, A. Y., Holland, C. L., & Bost, J. (2011). Interventions to Improve Parental Communication About Sex: A Systematic
Review.Pediatrics,127(3), 494510. http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-2194
0 Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health (n.d.). Families talking together (FTT). Retrieved from:
http://www.clafh.org/resources-for-parents/parent-materials/
0 Coyle, K., D. Kirby, B. Marin, C. Gomez, S. Gregorich. (2004). Draw the line/respect the line: A randomized trial of a middle
school intervention to reduce sexual behaviors. American Journal of Public Health 94 (5): 843-851.
0 ETR (n.d.) Draw the line/respect the line. Retrieved from: http://www.etr.org/ebi/programs/draw-the-line/
0 Hatcher, J. & Scarpa, J. (2002). Encouraging teens to adopt safe , healthy lifestyle: A foundation for improving future adult
behaviors. Retrieved from:
http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2002/06/Child_Trends-2002_07_01_RB_SafeHealthyTeens.pdf
0 Holcombe, E., Peterson, K., Manlove, J. (2008). Fact sheet: How much do you know about teen sexual behavior? A true-false
quiz. Retrieved from: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Awareness-SexualBehavior-Teens.pdf
0 Jemmott, L. (n.d.) Be proud! Be responsible! Retrieved from:
http://www.blueprintsprograms.com/evaluation-abstract/be-proud-be-responsible
0 McCall, D.S. (n.d.) Teaching sexual health education: A primer for new teachers, a refresher for experienced teachers. Retrieved
from: http://sexualityandu.ca/uploads/files/TeachingSexEdManual.pdf
0 Moore, K., Miller, B., Sugland, B., Morrison, D.R., Glei, D., & Blumenthal, C. (1995). Beginning too soon: Adolescent sexual
behavior, pregnancy, and parenthood. Retrieved from:
http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Adolescent-Sexual-Activity.pdf
0 Moore, K. A., Peterson, J. L., & Furstenberg, F. F.. (1986). Parental Attitudes and the Occurrence of Early Sexual Activity. Journal of
Marriage and Family, 48(4), 777782. http://doi.org/10.2307/352570
0 RealityWorks (2016). Healthy choices sex education. Retrieved from: http://www.realityworks.com/categories/sex-education
0 RealityWorks (2016). Infant simulators. Retrieved from: http://www.realityworks.com/categories/infant-simulators
0 RealityWorks (2016). Total parenting experience. Retrieved from:
http://www.realityworks.com/categories/total-parenting-experience
0 Terzian, M.A., Andrews, K.M., & Moore, K.A. (2011). Preventing multiple risky behaviors among adolescents: Seven strategies.
Retrieved from: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Child_Trends-2011_10_01_RB_RiskyBehaviors.pdf
0 Terzian, M. & Mbwana, K. (2009). What works for parent involvement programs for adolescents: Lessons from experimental
evaluations of social interventions. Retrieved from:
http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/What-Works-for-Parent-Involvement-Programs-for-Adolescents-February
-2010.pdf
0 Wildsmith, E., Barry, M., Manlove, J., & Vaughn, B.(2013). Adolescent health highlight: Dating and sexual relationships. Retrieved
from: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/2013-04DatingSexualRelationships.pdf