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Mangrov

es
JIJO JOHNSON
B140947PE
Mangroves
Mangrovesare various kinds oftreesup to
medium height andshrubsthat grow
insalinecoastal sediment habitats in
thetropicsandsubtropics.
With their roots submerged in water, they
thrive in hot, muddy, salty conditions.
They are extremely important to our own well-
being and to the health of the planet.
They include a filtration system that keeps out
much of the salt.
Continue
d
Complex
root system
that holds
the plants
upright in
the shifting
sediments
where land
and water
meet is
seen in
them.
Uses of mangroves
Biological Diversity -
They provide food, nesting and nursery areas
for many animals which include at least 200
over fish species, 20 reptiles and amphibian
species, 15 mammal species and over a 150
bird species.
Remove the mangroves and many of these
species might be driven to extinction,
invariably affecting us as source of food and
water and many other ways.
More uses
Environmental Protection
Mangroves protect the coastline by acting as
"wave breaks.
They stabilize coastlines and serve as natural
barriers/protectors against huge storms,
preserving coastlines.
They act as wind breaks which reduce the
force of winds, lowering the chancesof
property getting destroyed in wind storms.
Some more uses
Retain, Concentrate , Recycle Nutrients
Mangroves retain, concentrate, and recycle
nutrients and also trap debris, sediments,
excess nutrients and toxicants through their
natural filtering processes and this improves
water quality of tidal rivers that drain through
the mangroves.
Uses..
Provide
Resources
-
The
mangroves
provide us
with food
and water,
medicinal
herbs,
timber, fuel,
and
materials.
Importance of mangroves
They are the buffer zone between the land
and the sea.
Mangroves protect the soil from erosion.
They play an invaluable role as a natures
shield against cyclones, ecological disasters
and as protector of shorelines.
They are a breeding and nursery grounds for
a variety of marine animals.
Continued
Harbor a variety of life forms like
invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds
and even mammals like tigers.
Good source of timber, fuel and fodder.
Main source of income generation for
shoreline communities like fisher folk.
Save the marine diversity, which is fast
diminishing.
Purify the water by absorbing impurities and
harmful heavy metals and help us to breathe
a clean air by absorbing pollutants in the air.
Role of mangroves in tsunami prone
areas..
Dense mangrove forests growing along the
coasts of tropical and sub-tropical countries can
help reduce the devastating impact of tsunamis
and coastal storms by absorbing some of the
waves energy.
When the tsunami struck India's southern state
of Tamil Nadu on 26 December, 2004for
example, areas in Pichavaram and Muthupet
with dense mangroves suffered fewer human
casualties and less damage to property
compared to areas without mangroves.
Mangroves destroyed due to human
activities
Despite their critical importance, mangroves are
disappearing at an alarming rate around the world.
Human development, industrial activity, and
aquaculture are rapidly replacing these salt-
tolerant trees and the ecosystems they support.
In just in the last decade, at least 35 percent of the
world's mangroves have
been destroyed.
Thats a rate of loss that
exceeds the disappearance
of tropical rainforests.
Exploitation of mangroves
Approximately 35% of mangrove area was lost
during the last several decades of the twentieth
century (in countries for which sufficient data
exist), which encompass about half of the area of
mangroves.
Theunited nations environment program also
estimatedshrimp farmingcauses a quarter of the
destruction of mangrove forests.
Likewise, the 2010 update of theWorld Mangrove
Atlas(WMA) indicated a fifth of the world's
mangrove ecosystems have been lost since 1980.
The need to conserve
When we destroy the mangroves, not only do
we destroy the ecosystems that function
naturally, we also lose the free services
mangroves provide us with and have to pay to
replace them.
If the mangroves are destroyed, there will be
ecosystem degradation and species
endangerment, and loss of wetlands.
Declines in fish and wildlife
population, floods, problem
in water quality will also occur.
Thus there arises need to Conserve
conserve mangroves.
Conservation of mangroves
Afforestation.(distinct conservation effort)
Legislation.(including laws and policies)
Monitoring and Surveys.(land and aerial, etc.)
Protection.(including conservation, parks and
reserves development, etc.)
Recommendations.
Soil conservation.
Status studies.
Sustainable use
Culture (Agriculture, Aquaculture - capture
fisheries, culture fish, etc.).
Natural products useful for medicinal
purposes, (drugs, etc.);
Other products (timber, salt production,
honey, etc.).
Socio-economic aspects.
Tourism.
How to grow mangroves?
Mangrove saplings could be easily grown in
the nurseries with the locally available
seeds/wildlings.
Necessary help for raising saplings could be
secured from the local forest department or
organizations like M.S.Swaminathan Research
Foundation, Coastal community Development
Agency.
Develop mangrove plantations near the
existing shrimp farms and near by mangrove
areas through planting of mangrove saplings.
Where to grow mangroves?
Plant mangroves where ever they can be
grown on the river and sea side of shrimp
ponds in the inter-tidal zone.
Planting of mangroves in drain canals and
effluent treatment ponds could improve the
water quality by absorbing nutrients and other
organic pollutants.
The mangrove plantations along the bunds
help in stabilization of banks and prevent soil
erosion during floods and reduce
sedimentation of ponds during flood.
Conservation in Andaman and
Nicobar islands
In this area, monitoring of mangroves is equally
important to study the changes.
Therefore, the use satellite imageries has to be
adopted for obtaining authentic area information.
The Forest Department in the islands has completely
banned extraction of mangrove fuel wood, and is
endeavoring towards conservation of mangroves.
An attempt has been made in this paper to bring out
various strategies contemplated for management
and conservation of mangroves in the island.
Thus saving them is
important
The destruction of mangrove ecosystems is
caused mainly because of the conservation
benefits of mangroves not receiving
importance and the little understanding of the
role mangroves play for sustenance of other
economic systems.
This has led to mangroves being considered
as wastelands with little use, and no value.
But now assuming their advantages , we
should see to it that they are conserved.
THANK YOU

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