SHRI G.S.

INTSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGG.

Session : Jan-June 2017

Speed Control Of D.C. Motor by ARDUINO

microcontroller

Guided By: Prepared By:

Dr H.K. Verma 0801EE163D01 Aayushi
Pandya
[Prof. & Head] 0801EE163D02 Abiral Bharill
(EED,SGSITS,Indore), 0801EE163D03 Aman Naikya
Ms. Deepali Kothari 0801EE163D09 Sandhya Chouhan
[Asst. Prof.] 0801EE163D11 Sourabh Sahu
About Project:
This project is designed to control speed of a DC
motor using an Arduino development board. Speed of the
DC motor is directly proportional to the voltage applied
across its terminals. Hence, if the voltage across the motor
terminal is varied, then the speed can also be varied. To
achieve the speed control an electronic technique called
Pulse Width Modulation is used which generates High
and Low pulses. These pulses vary the speed in the motor.

For the generation of these pulses a microcontroller

(ATmega8) is used to set the speed ranges as per the
requirement.
Block Diagram:
Hardware & Software Requirements:

Arduino UNO Arduino software

L293D Motor Driver IC Language: Arduino programming
12V DC Motor language
Push button X 2
10K Potentiometer
5V DC Adapter
Connecting wires
 ARDUINO:
The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single board
computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby and
professional market.The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware
is reasonably priced and development software is free .
Key Features-
1. Arduino boards are able to read analog or digital input signals from
different sensors and turn it into an output such as activating a motor,
turning LED on/off, connect to the cloud and many other actions.
2. You can control your board functions by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board via Arduino IDE (referred to as uploading
software).
3. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, Arduino does not need
an extra piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load a new
code onto the board. You can simply use a USB cable.
ARDUINO Board:
WHY
AURDINO/MICROCONTROLLER ??

The electric and electromechanical methods are less

adaptive so electronic techniques are used for speed
control.

One such technique is Pulse Width Modulation.

We can easily apply this technique in Microcontroller using

Aurdino.

It is easy to compile program with this language .

Working of Arduino
UNO:
The code we write for the arduino is executed by this controller and it is directly
connected to the input and output pins. The controller is programmed via
the Tx (transmission) and Rx (receiving) pins connected to the USB to
serial controller and contains bootloader code. It can also be programmed
directly via the ICSP pin.
The advantage of Arduino is that you can
use it to be a piece of hardware to program the bootloader through ICSP
pin. A Bootloader allows us to upload code without using any additional
hardware.
Like Every complex system,it is a modular. There is the power
system, that chooses between the power jack and the USB power and
produces 5V and 3.3V for the rest of the system. There is a USB to serial
controller that that contains the bootloader which is used to load programs
into the ATMEGA328P.
D.C. Motor:
A DC Motor is a type of electric motor that converts
DC electrical power to mechanical power i.e. a DC supply is
converted to rotation or movement. DC motors are one of the
commonly used motors in different applications like electronic toys,
power tools, portable fans, etc.

In this project, a small DC Motor is controlled with an Arduino and a

Motor Driver IC where both the speed of the motor and the direction
of rotation are controlled.
 Motor Driver IC:
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on
either direction.

L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any
direction.

Control two DC motor with a single L293D IC. Dual H-bridge Motor Driver integrated
circuit(IC).

L293D Pin Diagram:-

 Push Buttons :

A push button is a momentary or non-latching switch which

causes a temporary change in the state of an electrical circuit only while the switch
is physically actuated. An automatic mechanism (i.e. a spring) returns the switch to
its default position immediately afterwards, restoring the initial circuit condition.
There are two types:
1) A push to make switch allows electricity to flow between its two contacts when held
in. When the button is released, the circuit is broken. This type of switch is also
known as a Normally Open (NO) Switch. (Examples: doorbell, computer case
power switch, calculator buttons, individual keys on a keyboard)
2) A push to break switch does the opposite, i.e. when the button is not pressed,
electricity can flow, but when it is pressed the circuit is broken. This type of switch
is also known as a Normally Closed (NC) Switch. (Examples: Fridge Light
Switch, Alarm Switches in Fail-Safe circuits)
 Potentiometer:

A potentiometer,informally a pot, is a three terminal resistor with a

sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider
. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as
a variable resistor or rheostat.
The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a
voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the
component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its
name.
Data:

Voltage vs Speed Chart

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Advantages :

Higher efficiency.
Greater reliability.
Quick response.
Flexibility.
Less space needed.
 Limitations:
Microcontroller needs software like compiler to insert
logics as inputs.

It cannot interface high power devices directly.

It is susceptible to EMI (Electromagnetic Interference),

sometimes even produces audible noises.

Speed control is little bit slow due to delay of clock pulse.

 Further Enhancement:
The project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such
as IGBTs to achieve the speed control higher capacity industrial
motors and DC Motor Controller.

Applications:
Wide supply-voltage range: 4.5V to 36V
Separate input- logic supply
Internal ESD protection
Thermal shutdown
High-Noise-Immunity input
Functional Replacements for SGS L293 and SGS L293D
Conclusion:
The Circuit was designed and implemented. this project
can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such
as IGBTs to achieve the speed control higher capacity
industrial motors and DC Motor Controller. A motor-driver
IC is interfaced to the Arduino board for receiving PWM
signals and delivering desired output for
speed control of a small DC motor.
Acknowledgement:
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to
Dr. H.K. Verma,H.O.D. (EED,SGSITS) for
giving us such opportunity to do a project.
We sincerely thank Ms. Deepali Kothari, Asst.
Prof. of EED for guidance and
encouragement in carrying out this project
work.