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Abhimanyu Dalal
MBA Gen - B
haracter,
Definition and its Importance
that makes
Human values are the foundation for any viable life within society: they
build space for a drive, a movement towards one another, which leads to
peace. Human values thus defined are universal: they are shared by all
human beings, whatever their religion, their nationality, their culture, their
personal history.
aracter,
There are values and many sub-values or virtues that come from the
main values. Together they make up the tapestry that forms an individual
of character, containing all that makes a human of character, containing
that makes
all that makes a human being noble, caring and kind.
What are Human Values
Human values create focus, as they represent our preferences and priorities.
Human values simply express what is important to us in our life and
business.
According to Henderson and Thomson (2003), values are the DNA of the
culture of an organization because they provide embedded codes of a culture
that reflect what happens and why. While values alignment or fit may also
lead to better performance, values conflict may lead to better performance in
some situations, another aspect that is explored later in this article.
Modern business practices such as due diligence, zero defect,
and money-back guarantee would cease to exist without values.
Thus, values determine quality and management practices.
According to Izzo and Withers (2007), values help bring out our
best and contribute to create high performance and high
fulfilment in our work and life.
Therefore, behavioral and performance researchers consider
work-related values as unique human resource capabilities that
can create competitive advantage (e.g., Paine and Organ,
2000).
For examples, cultural group norms may encourage employees
to help each other whenever necessary, personal disposition to
cooperate are influenced by values absorbed from the wider
culture and carried in the minds of individuals.
Human
Values
Dynamic relationships between values, management practices and behavioral and
Managerial Behavioral
policies and and
practices performance
outcomes
Human values are reflected by: WATCH
Action
Sources of Human Values
o Individualistic values
o Family values
o Personal values
o Material values
o Spiritual values
o Moral values
o National values
o Professional values
Individualistic Values
A society is made of not only families which are natural but also by
organizations which are artificially created to fulfil the specific requirements
of the society.
The government is one of the most important organizations which had been
created to bring order in the society.
There are many other organizations which are run by private persons or bodies
which produce goods and provide service to the people of the nation and the
world.
Every person has to join an organization to earn his livelihood and to contribute
to the society. These organizations need a set of values to keep all members of
the organization motivated and united. Thus man develops a set of values due
to his profession.
Each profession has its own set of values which often contradict the values of
National Values
All these values are non-permanent and transient which changes with time and space. The values of the
present generation are not same as the value of the previous generation.
Yet there is some ingredient in all values that never changes. It has remained same in long years of
human evolution. Therefore, often people call such values as spiritual or divine as it never dies and its
origin too is not known.
The spiritual values are often attributed to God and called divine.
It is the nature of the man to imbibe these values irrespective of his religion, race, culture or nationality.
The spiritual values can not be eliminated from man and these are universal.
No person can have only one set of values and all human beings are
governed by the combination of all values.
However, the dominating value in every person is different which arises
due to the birth in a particular family, culture, religion or nationality.
The values also change with the age of the person as the same person
transforms from individual to a family man.
When a person grows up and earns his living, he has to work in some
profession where his professional values are developed. The national
values too get ingrained in the person due to the common value shared
by the citizens. However, as the men grow older, they tend to become
spiritual and develop spiritual values.
Thus all values are always prevalent in every society that keeps the
society moving and united.
The Competing Values framework
Cameron and Quinn's (1988) 'competing values framework' suggests that there are a
range of values and priorities that determine and influence a community's culture.
These influences are depicted across three dimensions:
Using these value dimensions, Quinn identifies four main organisational approaches
that are likely to be evident in a community.
MODEL 1 OF 4: HUMAN RESOURCES MODEL 2 OF 4: OPEN SYSTEMS
MODEL MODEL
Means: Morale and cohesion Means: Adaptability and readiness
End: Human resource development End: Growth, resource acquisition,
Focus: Internal partnership
The human resources model is a Focus: External
flexible approach that encourages
The open systems model is a
commitment and belonging
flexible approach that emphasises
MODEL 3 OF 4: INTERNAL PROCESS growth and expansion
MODEL
MODEL 4 OF 4: RATIONAL GOAL
Means: Information management MODEL
and communication
End: Stability and control Means: Planning, goal-setting
Focus: Internal End: Productivity, efficiency
Focus: External
The internal process model is a more
controlling approach that aims to The rational goal model is a more
achieve continuity and consolidation controlling approach that promotes
of past achievements. productivity and outputs.
UNESCO Framework on Child Values
Goal:
To provide and promote values education at all three levels of
the educational system for the development of the human
person committed to the building of a just and humane
society and an independent and democratic nation.
Objectives:
Proper implementation of the program will develop
citizens who:
1. are self-actualized, integrally developed human
beings imbued with a sense of human dignity;
2. are social beings with a sense of responsibility for their
community and environment;
3. are productive persons and who contribute to the economic
security and development of the family and the nation;
4. as citizens, have a deep sense of nationalism, and committed to
the progress of the nation as well as of the entire world community
through global solidarity; and
5. manifests in actual life an abiding faith in God as a reflection of
his spiritual being.
Principles and Guidelines:
Australian Value Framework
Adkins, C.L., Russel, C.J. and Werbel, J.D. (1994). Judgments of fit in the selection process: the role of work
values congruence, Personnel Psychology.
Aycan, Z., Al-Hamadi, A.B., Davis, A., Budhwar, P. (2007). Cultural Orientations and Preferences for HRM
Policies and Practices: the Case of Oman, International Journal of Human Resource Management.
Beker, B. and Gerhart, B. (1996). The impact of human resource management on organizational performance,
Academy of Management Journal.
http://www.hv4k.org/framework
http://edu.us/education/deped-values-education-program.html
http://apwateronline.com/2013/05/29/the-ten-most-important-human-values
http://www.bcny.org/programs/exercise-your-mind/department-of-education-services-desc
Thank you