BUSINESS ETHICS

GROUP MEMBERS

M Zain Ul
Abidin Khan
Sajeel
Zaman Khan

Maham Masrur

Syed Hassan Raza

M. Ahmed Qureshi

M. Farhan Anjum
 CHILD LABOR IN
WORKSHOPS
Child Labor.

What is child labor?

Estimated 158 million children aged 5 to 14 in

child labor worldwide.

Starting Place.

Our government has not put its laws into

practice.
 CHILD LABOR

o Effects of child labor

Deprives a child of a proper childhood.
Become mentally and physically mature too fast .
Creates poverty.

Law of Child Labor

Pakistan passed laws greatly limiting child labor.
Those laws are universally ignored.
 CHILD LABOR IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan is suffering from the long-term danger

of child labor.

Governments and the public sector institutions

responsible for keeping an eye on the child labor.

Child labor is boosting here.

100,000 children ages four to fourteen are being

forcefully put under labor.
POLICY APPROACHES TO TACKLE CHILD LABOR

Improve incentives

Make school attendance more accessible.

Reduce or eliminate school fees.
Eliminate discrimination against girls in school.
Improve educational quality.
Improve basic services.
 POLICY APPROACHES TO TACKLE
CHILD LABOR

Remove constraints

Reduce poverty
Social safety nets
Cash or food linked to participation in education
Improve access to credit
Better labor market functioning
POLICY APPROACHES TO TACKLE CHILD
LABOR

Protection and rehabilitation services.

Remove children from hazardous and worst forms

of child labor.
Enforce health and safety and other employment
standards
Provide access to education and health services
Offer vocational training and other rehabilitation

Legislation.
 Literature Review

Economic hardships are considered as the most

common reason of child labor.

Many children enter into the labor market to pay

for their education or support their families in
financial matters.

Vietnam is a good example where children attend

the school along with working in the agriculture
sector.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Cruel heritage of poverty transfers from one

generation to the other.

As hours of work increase, school becomes less

and less affordable for them.

Children should also involved in activities like

Ravallion and Wooden as leisure. (Edmonds and
Turk .2002.)
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Grootaert (1998) discovered that in poor families
the labor participation rate of children has also
been increased.

18.5 %in 1985 to 19.3 in 1988. In case of very

poor families it increased from 30.6% to 43.9% .

Oruwari (1996) and Okojie (1987) studies that

the child labor also relates to the social status of
the family, these children belong to.

Okojie (1987) mentioned five factors to check the

degree of poverty among women.
 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Methodology
Analysis of the questionnaire

Occupation Frequency

Student 10
Doing a job 9
Other 6
Total 25
Have you ever seen children working at workshops? Have you ever seen children working at workshops?
12

10
Yes 12% Yes
8 4%
No No
6 Not sure Not sure
84%
4

0
Student Doing a job Other

Analysis:
Most of the people i.e. 84% have seen children working at workshops.
 Reason for a child who never leaves any task assigned unfinished and works without being supervised Reason for a child who never leaves any task assigned unfinished and works without being supervised
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5 Student
1
0.5
0 Doing a job Self Confidence Self Motivation
Other
Expecting Reward Tense of
Punishment
16%
24% Start feeling that
16%
28% 16% they are born to do
that

Analysis:
Majority thinks that they have a fear of punishment due to which they finish their
work and also that the children start feeling that they are born to do this work.
Self motivation, self confidence and expectation of reward also plays an important
role.
Do you think it is unethical at the part of the workshop's owner to hire child labor? Do you think it is unethical at the part of the workshop's owner to hire child labor?
8

6 Yes
No Yes
17%
4 Not sure
13% No

2 71% Not sure

0
Student Doing a job Other

Analysis:
71% of our sample thinks that it is unethical at the part of the owner
of the workshop to hire child labor.
 Question 3: What do you think are the causes that
force parents to send their young children to earn bread
and butter by working at workshops?

Analysis: Poverty and illiteracy are the two main

causes that force parents to send their young children to
earn bread and butter by working at workshops all day
long instead of schools.

Question 4: What are the effects of child labor on our

society?

Analysis: It gives a bad impact of the country. Illiteracy

rate is going higher which again is building a bad image
of our country.
 Question 5:
Children are the future of Pakistan. Child labor is ruining
our future.

Children are the future of Pakistan. Child labor is ruining our future. Children are the future of Pakistan. Child labor is ruining our future.
7
6
5
4 Strongly disagree
3 Student
2 Disagree
1 4%
0 Doing a job
40% Neither agree nor
Other disagree
56%
Agree
Strongly agree

Analysis:
Majority agrees to it that child labor is ruining our future, the future of Pakistan.
 Question 6:
Do you think spreading awareness about child labor can help in battling
against this issue?

Do you think spreading awareness about child labor can help in battling against this issue?
Do you think spreading awareness about child labor can help in battling against this issue?
9
8
Yes
7 Yes
6 28% No
No
5 Attended lectures
Attended lectures against
72% against child labor
4 child labor
3
2
1
0
Student Doing a job Other

Analysis:
72% of the sample agrees that spreading awareness about child labor can
help in battling against this issue.28% of the people have been attending
lectures against child labor.
 Question 7:
Reason of child labor in Pakistan. Rate the following from
1-5

Analysis:
Most of our sample rated the reasons as following
1. Poverty
2. Illiteracy
3. Cheap Cost
4. Increase in Population
5. Family expectations & Traditions
6. Orphans and Omitted children
7. Amusement
 Question 8:
Why you dont work for NGOs?

Why you dont work for NGOs?

Why you dont work for NGOs?
8
7
6 Better job Making society a
5
opportunities better place is
4 Student governments
3
Doing a job responsibility not
2
Other 16% 8% yours
1
64% You will face NGO's in Pakistan
0 12%
economic and socio are not trustworthy
cultural barriers

Analysis:
People do not prefer working in NGOs mostly because of better job opportunities.
Others also face socio cultural barriers and dont trust on the NGOs. A few
people think that making society a better place is the governments responsibility.
 Question 9:
If you own a workshop & you are aware of the fact that you required lots
of labor & your competitor is using low wage children as labor, will that
change you decision to do the same?

5 28%
Yes
Yes
4 4%
No 68% No
3 Not sure
Not sure
2

0
Student Doing a job Other

Analysis:
Majority would change their decision and hire child labor due to low
wages while some are not sure about what their decision would be.
 Question 10:
The only way to eliminate child labor is for the government and
consumers to pose sanctions and boycotts.

The only way to eliminate child labor is for the government and consumers to pose sanctions and boycotts.The only way to eliminate child labor is for the government and consumers to pose sanctions and boycotts
9
8
7
Yes
6
No 24% Yes
5
Not sure No
4
Not sure
3 76%
2
1
0
Student Doing a job Other

Analysis:
Child labor can be eliminated if the government and the consumers pose
sanctions and boycotts against it.
 Question 11:
Rank 1-5 in your opinion

Analysis:
Mostly people ranked the given factors as follows
1. Education
2. Strict Government policies
3. Increased Income
4. Social Services
5. Changes in Public Opinion
 RESULT

This is unethical at the part of the owner of the

workshop to hire child labor.
Childs do it because of fear of punishment .

We can fight child labor by spreading awareness

about it and by posing boycotts.
Child labor is not a complete dimension of child
labor but there are also other divisions which do
not relate to poverty.
Strong probability that when these working
children will become heads of their families, they
will also send their children in the labor market.
 DISCUSSION
The percentage of child labor increases a lot.

Above 20% of child labor working in

manufacturing sectors.

Many NGOS are fighting against child labor but

still child labor exist in Pakistan.

The constitutional act against child labor is In-

efficient.
 CAUSES OF CHILD LABOR

The Role of Education

Poor Infrastructure

Inadequate Laws

Discrimination against Minority Groups

Family Background

Willingness to Exploit Children

Orphans

Unemployment Of Elders

Urbanization

Poverty

Illiteracy

Over Population
 EFFECTS OF CHILD LABOR

NEGATIVE EFFECTS
1. Low literacy rate of country.
2. Effect of child labor is also on the society.
3. These children are the future of country as they
will not going to get education they will not
going to have better future.

.POSITIVE EFFECTS
1. It can help to reduce the poverty from the
country.
2. Children not having resources of getting
education, to get experience for their better
 Is
se agay recmndatn n coclusion hai
wo maham ne banani hain slides