3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Aakash Chamoli (1BY14C002)

Akshara N. Joshi (1BY14C004)
Aman Srivastav (1BY14C006)
Chandan Kumar Nayak (1BY14C016
Santosh G.R. (1BY14C021)
 What is LTE ?
In Nov. 2004, 3GPP (3GPP is an organization that
defines how certain mobile and fixed network technologies
began a
should work. (GSM, UMTS, HSDPA, IMS, etc...)
project to define the long-term
evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS)
cellular technology
Higher performance
Backwards compatible
Wide application
 System Capabilities
Downlink peak data rates up to 326 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

Uplink peak data rates up to 86.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

Operation in both TDD and FDD modes.

Variable duplex technology within bands as well as between bands

Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.4, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and

20 MHz

Increased spectral efficiency over Release 6 HSPA by a factor of two

to four

Enhance the bit rate for MBMS (e.g. 1-3 Mbps)

 Service Capabilities
Reduced cost per bit

Improve spectrum efficiency ( e.g. 2-4 x Rel6)

Reduce cost of backhaul (transmission in UTRAN)

Increased service provisioning more services at lower cost with better user experience

Focus on delivery of services utilising IP

Reduced latency, to 10 msec round-trip time between user equipment and the base station,
and to less than 100 msec transition time from inactive to active

Increase the support of QoS for the various types of services (e.g. VoIP)

Increase cell edge bit rate whilst maintaining same site locations as deployed today

Reasonable terminal power consumption

Flexibility of use of existing and new frequency bands

Evolution of Technologies

LTE (3.9G) :
3GPP release 8~9
LTE-Advanced :
3GPP release 10+
 LTE Basic Concepts
LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
for downlink data transmission and
Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) for
uplink transmission
 Multipath-Induced Time Delays Result in
Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)

S(t-m)
y (t ) S (t ) S (t m) n(t )
S(t)

y(t) : output signal

S(t) : input signal
S(t-m) : delayed m time input signal
y(t)
n(t) : noise
 Equalizers in Receiver
Against Frequency Selective Fading
Channel transform function Hc(f)

y (t ) S (t ) S (t m) H c ( f ) 1 e j 2fm

Equalizers transform function Heq(f)

(Receiver)
1 1
Hc ( f )
H c ( f ) 1 e j 2fm
 Frequency Selective
Fading
the coherence bandwidth of the
channel is smaller than the
bandwidth of the signal

Frequency Correlation > 0.9

Bc = 1 / 50 is r.m.s. delay spread
It may be useless for increasing transmission power
LTE-Downlink (OFDM)
Improved
spectral
efficiency
Reduce ISI effect
by multipath
Against
frequency
selective fading
 LTE Uplink (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new single carrier multiple
access technique which has similar
structure and performance to OFDMA
A salient
advantage of SC-
FDMA over
OFDM is low to
Peak to Average
Power Ratio
(PAPR) :
Increasing
battery life
Multi-antenna techniques
Time and Frequency Resource

One frame is 10ms

10 subframes

One subframe is 1ms

2 slots
One slot is 0.5ms
N resource blocks
[ 6 < N < 110]
One resource block is
0.5ms and contains 12
subcarriers from each
OFDM symbol
LTE spectrum (bandwidth and duplex)
flexibility
LTE Downlink Channels

Paging
Paging Control
Control Channel
Channel

Paging
Paging Channel
Channel

Physical
Physical Downlink
Downlink Shared
Shared Channel
Channel
 LTE Uplink Channels

Random Access Channel

CQI report
Physical Uplink Shared Channel

Physical Radio Access Channel

 Evolution of LTE-Advanced (4-G)
Asymmetric transmission
bandwidth
Layered OFDMA
Advanced Multi-cell
Transmission/Reception Techniques
Enhanced Multi-antenna
Transmission Techniques
Support of Larger Bandwidth in LTE-
Advanced
Asymmetric transmission bandwidth
Symmetric transmission
voice transmission : UE to UE
Asymmetric transmission
streaming video : the server to the UE (the
downlink)
 Support of Larger Bandwidth in LTE-
Advanced

Peak data rates up to 1Gbps are

expected from bandwidths of
100MHz. OFDM adds additional
sub-carrier to increase bandwidth
 Conclusion
LTE-A helps in integrating the
existing networks, new networks,
services and terminals to suit the
escalating user demands
LTE-Advanced will be standardized
in the 3GPP specification Release
10 (LTE-A) and will be designed to
meet the 4G requirements as
defined by ITU