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Basic QC Tools
1. Pareto Diagram
3. Graph
5. Scatter Diagram
6. Histogram
7. Control Chart
Pareto Diagram
Pareto charts are a type of bar chart in which the horizontal axis
represents categories of interest, rather than a continuous scale. The
categories are often defects.
This tool is based on the idea that the majority of defects are caused
by few defective item, which classifies the quality problem into the
vital few and trivial many (80-20 rule).
A cumulative percentage line helps you judge the
added contribution of each category.
Pareto charts can help to focus improvement efforts on
areas where the largest gains can be made.
Example
Pareto Chart
50 100
40 80
Percent
30 60
Count
20 80-20 rule 40
10 20
0 0
Defect
Count 21 10 8 6 5
Percent 42.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 10.0
Cum % 42.0 62.0 78.0 90.0 100.0
7. Draw the vertical axis on the right edge and scale it.
His first application of this technique was in the Fulsai iron work
1953. Due to its final form, some people called it the Fishbone
Diagram.
Measurements Manpower
Coil
Speaker Lack of
training
Factor Cone
Small bone attitudes Effect
Wire
Poor
Bad transmitter
instruction
Missing maintanance
tools
Solder joints Defective volume
con
Backbone
Middle bone Intermitten
1. State the problem as precisely as possible and draw the back bone.
a. Bar graph
b. Line graph
c. Radar graph
f. Pie graph
0.90 1.400
0.80
1.200
0.70
1.000
0.60
0.50 0.800
%
%
0.40 0.600
0.30
0.400
0.20
0.200
0.10
0.00 0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
week week
Attandance Chart
Self Improvement
Decisive
3
2
Leadership
5%
1
95%
0
Communication
Before After
Check sheets are sheets that are design in advance to collect the
necessary data easily and systematically, which allow the efficient
checking of all items for inspection and verification.
Procedure
5. Absence of correlation
Example
19
14
BTU.In
5 10 15 20
BTU.Out
30 - 50 5-8
51 - 100 6 - 10
101 - 300 7 - 13
Histogram f or Camshaf t
20
Frequency
10
30 - 50 5-8
51 - 100 6 - 10
101 - 300 7 - 13