Curves

By P.S.L.Gajanayaka Senior Lecturer

 Review
Previous Lecture
What are the different type of Horizontal
curves?
What is the relationship between the radius
and the
degree of a curve?
What is the radius of 1 curve?
Component of the Circular
Curves

Chainage of first Tangent Point =chainage of intersection point

Tangent Length

Chainage of second Tangent Point = chainage of first Tangent Point

+Curve Length
 Setting Out Simple Circular Curve
Different method of curve setting out
Chain and Tape Method Instrumental
Method
1. Offsets from the long chord
1. A Single
2. Offsets from the Tangents
Theodolite
3. Offsets from the chord produced
2. Two Theodolites
4. Successive bisection of arcs
Offsets from Long Chord
Two Tangent AB &
BC Deflection Angle -
1. Calculate Tangent
Length
T = R tan / 2
2. Calculate length of the curve
CL = R /180
3. Calculate Length of the Long Chord
OE =R and OD = R OO (L)

From the triangle OT1D L = 2R sin /2

OT12 = OD 2 +T1D 2 4. Calculate Mid ordinate (OO)
R2 = (R- OO) 2+(L/2) 2 DE = R(1-cos/2)
R- OO = {R2 -
(L/2) 2}
OO =R - {R2 -
Offsets from Long Chord
5. Let P be a point at a distance x from
D . Then Required ordinate is PP1(OX )

Drawn P1P2 parallel to T1T2

From the Triangle O

P1P2
OP1 2 = OP2 2 + P1P2 2
R2 = { (R Oo ) +OX }2
+x 2
R Oo +OX =
R2 - x 2
OX = R2 - x 2 -
(R Oo )
Offsets from Long Chord
Example
Two Tangent AB and BC intersect at a point B at
chainage 150.5m . Calculate all the necessary data for
setting out a circular curve of radius 100m and defection
angle 30 by the method of offsets from the long chord.
 Offsets from Long Chord
Tangent Length (T )= R tan / 2
= 100*tan 15 =26.79m

Change of T1 = 150.50 26.79 = 123.71m

Curve Length = R/180 = (3.14 * 100* 30 )/180 = 52.33m

Length of the long chord(L) = 2R sin /2 = = 2* 100* Sin 15 = 51.76m

The long chord is divided into two

equal halves Each half = * 51.76 =
25.88

Mid ordinate , OO =R - [R2 - (L/2) 2 ] = 100 -

[1002 25.882 ] = 3.41m
Offsets from Long Chord
The ordinates are calculated at 5m intervals starting from
the center towards T1 from the left half.

O5 = R2 - x 2 -(R Oo )
= (1002 - 5 2 ) - (100 3.41 ) = 99.87- 96.59= 3.28

O10 = (1002 - 10 2 ) 96.59= 99.50- 96.59= 2.91m

O15 = (1002 - 152 ) 96.59= 98.87- 96.59= 2.28m
O20= (1002 - 20 2 ) 96.59= 97.97- 96.59= 21.38m
O25 = (1002 - 25 2 ) 96.59= 96.82- 96.59= 0.23m
O28 = (1002 25.88 2 ) 96.59= 0
Offsets from Long Chord
Field Procedure
Let AB and BC be two tangents meeting at a point B with deflection angle .

1.Mark T1 and T2 on the ground with

pegs
using calculated tangent length.

2. Mark M point in the middle of T1T2 .

3. Mark 1,2,3 and 4 with pegs along
the long chord
4.Calculate ordinate O1 O2 O3
and O4
5.Mark P1 P2 P3 and P4 points with pegs
using calculated ordinate.

6. Follow same procedure for set out the

other half of the curve.
Offsets from the Tangents
Offsets from the tangent may be:
Radial
Perpendicular
1. Radial offset
AB and BC are two tangents intersecting at B, and that the tangent points
are T1 and T2 .
- A point D on the tangent AB such that
T1 D = X
- OX
be the radial offset at D
The point D is joined with the center
O. OD is the radial line.
From T1OD

2 +1 x+ T
2 2 =1D(R2 =+ OD
OX )22
OT1 = R ROT
R + OX = (R + x
2

OD = R+OX 2 ) OX = (R2 + x 2 ) -

T1 D = X
R
Offsets from the Tangents (Radial)
Example
Two Tangents AB and BC intersect at a point B. Calculate all the
necessary data for setting out a circular curve of radius 300m and
defection angle 5230by the method of offsets from the tangent (radial) in
20m intervals.
Tangent Length (T1B )= R tan / 2
= 300*tan 5230/2
=147.94m
From equation OX = (R2 + x 2 ) - R
O20 = (3002 + 20 2 ) - 300 = 0.67m
O40 = 2.66m
O60 = 5.94m
O80 = 10.48m
O100 = 16.23m
O 120 = 23.11m
O 140 = 31.06m
O 147.94 = 34.49m
Two roads BA and CA intersect at a point A
which falls in a bed of a river.These are to be
connected by a simple circular curve of radius
200m.To do this a line MN connecting these
C
two tangents at points M and N is respectively
is measured to be 170m.The angles BMN
=105and CNM=`135.The chainage of point
M is 1815m.Determine the chainage of tangent
points and length of the curve.
Offsets from the Tangents (Radial)

Field Procedure.
Fix ranging roads at T1 ,B, T 2 and O.
Fix a point D by considering the measure distance x along T1 B
Set off the calculated distance OX is on the radial line OD to get the first point
of the curve Px.
Similarly , locate other points on the first half of the curve.

The other half of the curve can be set out from the second tangent point T2
A point D taken at a distance y from T 2.
Oy can be calculated as Oy = = (R2 + y 2 ) - R
Set off the calculated distance Oy is along the radial line OD1 to get the first point
of the curve Py.
Similarly , Locate other points on the second half of the curve.
Offsets from the Tangents - Perpendicular
Perpendicular offset
AB and BC are two tangents intersecting at B, and that the tangent
points areT1 and T2 .

point D on the tangent AB such that

T1 D = X
OX
be the perpendicular offset at D The
line EPX is drawn parallel to T1 D .

OE = R- OX

OPX = R

EPX = x
From OEPX

OPX 2 = EPX 2 + OE
2 2 2
Offsets from the Tangents- Perpendicular
Example
Two Tangent AB and BC intersect at a point B. Calculate all the
necessary data for setting out a Circular curve of radius 300m and
defection angle 5230by the method of offsets from the tangent
(perpendicular) in 20m intervals.
Tangent Length (T1B )= R tan / 2
= 300*tan 5230/2
=147.94m
From equation OX = R- R 2 - x 2
O20 = 300 - (3002 - 20 2 ) = 0.67m
O40 = 22.68m
O60 = 6.06m
O80 = 10.86m
O100 = 17.16m
O 120 = 25.05m
O 140 = 34.67m
O 147.94 = 39.01m
Offsets from the Tangents -
Perpendicular

Field Procedure.
Fix ranging roads at T1 ,B, T 2 and O.
Measure a distance x along T1 B and fix a point D
The calculated distance OX is set out along the perpendicular drawn at D to get the
point Px on the Curve
Similarly , Locate other points on the first half of the curve.

The other half of the curve can be set out from the second tangent point T2
A point D1 taken at a distance y from T 2.
Oy can be calculated as Oy = R - (R2 - y 2 )
The calculated distance Oy is set off along the perpendicular drawn at D1 to get the
first point of the Curve Py.
Similarly , Locate other points on the second half of the curve.
?
Thank
You.