AGC OF INTERCONNECTED TWO

AREA THERMAL SYSTEM USING

FUZZY PID AND CONVENTIONAL
PID CONTROLLER

Submitted to :
Submitted by :
Ms. Nidhi Gupta Shilpa
Gahlyan(04715004912)
Asst. professor Lalit
Chola(04515004912)
EEE dept. Vishal Kumar
Singh(04615004912)
Shrey
Meena(00215004912)
 INTRODUCTION

The main objective of automatic generation controller (AGC)

is to maintain the balance between the generation and
demand of a particular power system.In order to keep the
system in the steady state, both the active and the reactive
powers are to be controlled. The objective of the control
strategy is to generate and deliver power in an
interconnected system as economically and reliably as
possible while maintaining the voltage and frequency with in
permissible limits.

The Objectives of LFC are :

1. To provide zero steady-state error of frequency and tie line
exchange variations
2. High damping of frequency oscillations
3. Decreasing overshoot of the disturbance so that the system
is not too far from the stability
 TWO AREA SYSTEM

In two area system two single areas are connected by a tie

line. Every area is represented by a similar set of turbine,
generator and governor. Every area feeds its user pool, and
tie line allows to flow the electric power between areas. In
primary load frequency control loop, an alteration in the
system load will lead to a steady state frequency deviation,
depending on the governor speed regulation. In order to
minimize the frequency deviation to zero, we must supply
the reset action. The reset action can be provided by
introducing an integral controller to act on the load
reference setting to change the set point of speed.
 LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL

The topic of maintaining the system frequency constant is

commonly known as Load Frequency Control (LFC).

The LFC loop will maintain control only during small and
slow changes in load and frequency. It will not provide
adequate control during emergency situation when large
megawatt imbalances occur.The LFC is to control the
frequency deviation by maintaining the real power balance
in the system.

The main functions of the LFC are

1. To maintain the steady frequency
2. Control the tie-line flows
3. Distribute the load among the participating generating
units
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL

In anelectric power system,automatic generation

control (AGC) is a system for adjusting the power
output of multiple generators at differentpower
plant, in response to changes in the load. Since a
power grid requires that generation and load
closely balance moment by moment, frequent
adjustments to the output of generators are
necessary. The balance can be judged by
measuring thesystem frequency; if it is increasing,
more power is being generated than used, and all
the machines in the system are accelerating. If the
system frequency is decreasing, more load is on the
system than the instantaneous generation can
provide, and all generators are slowing down.
 FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL

Fuzzy control is based on the logic called fuzzy logic. It is

similar to human thinking than classical logical system. The
load frequency control is required to maintain balance
between generation and usage of electrical power.
There are three principle elements to a fuzzy logic
controller:
1. Fuzzification module
2. Rule base and inference engine
3. Defuzzification module
 FUZZY RULES

Fuzzy Logic Controllers can be more capable in solving a

vast range of control problems because conventional
controllers are slower and also less efficient in nonlinear
system applications.This work proposes a fuzzy controller
with up to 25 rules with 5 membership function Positive Big
(PB), Positive Small(PS), Zero (ZZ),Negative
Small(NS),Negative Big (NB), Small (S), Medium (M), Big (B),
very Big (VB), Very Very Big (VVB).Fuzzy rules.
 FUZZY PID CONTROLLER
Propotional, Intelligent controllers can be replaced with
conventional controllers to get fast and good dynamic
response in load frequency control problems . If the system
robustness and reliability are more important, fuzzy logic
controllers can be more useful in solving a wide range of
control problems since conventional controllers are slower
and also less efficient in nonlinear system applications. The
two area power system using fuzzy logic controller.
 BlOCK DIAGRAM OF PID CONTROLLER
The PID controller improves the transient response so as to
reduce error amplitude with each oscillation and then
output is eventually settled to a final desired value. Better
margin of stability is ensured with PID controllers.
The block diagram of Proportional Integrative Derivative
(PID) controller is shown.
PID CONTROLLER
The PID controller improves steady state error
simultaneously allowing atransient response with little or no
overshoot. As long aserror remains, the integral output will
increase causing thespeed changer position, attains a
constant value only whenthe frequency error has reduced to
zero. The two area interconnected power system using PID
controller is shown.
SIMULATION AND RESULT

Dynamic response of tie-line

power deviation of fuzzy-pid
Simulation result of tie line power for two
area with PID controller
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the proposed FLC is very simple and easy to implement
since, it does not require the system parameters also it provides quality
and reliable electric power supply. A PID controller used for load
frequency controller of two area interconnected power system has been
presented. It can be implemented in four area power system and
controlled by using advanced controller systems. The system
performance was observed on the basis of dynamic parameters i.e.
settling time, overshoot and undershoot. The system performance
characteristics reveals that the performance of fuzzy logic controller
method better than other controllers. Settling time and steady state error
comparison of PID and Fuzzy PID controller for area 1 and area 2