PMP 450 Training

Installation
PrerequisitesBefore you
Begin
Study and survey of area that is being covered
Any calculations of Elevation angle for coverage and
down tilt
Survey of structures including power, existing lighting
protection, fixings needed and cable runs
Lightening Protection
The need for power surge protection
Structures, equipment and people must be protected
against power surges (typically caused by lightning) by
conducting the surge current to ground via a separate
preferential solid path. The actual degree of protection
required depends on local conditions and applicable local
regulations. Cambium recommends that PMP450
installation is contracted to a professional installer.
Standards
Full details of lightning protection methods and
requirements can be found in the international standards
IEC 61024-1 and IEC 61312-1, the U.S. National Electric
Code ANSI/NFPA No. 70-1984 or section 54 of the Canadian
Electric Code.
Lightening Protection
The rolling sphere method is used to determine where it is
safe to mount equipment.
An imaginary sphere, typically 50 meters in radius, is rolled
over the structure. Where the sphere rests against the
ground and a strike termination device

Zone A: In this zone a

direct lightning strike is
possible. Do not mount
equipment in this zone.

Zone B: In this zone,

direct EMD (lightning)
effects are still
possible, but mounting
in this zone
significantly reduces
the possibility of a
direct strike. Mount
equipment in this zone
Lightening Protection - Basic requirements
The following basic protection requirements must be
implemented:
The equipment must be in Zone B The AP must be grounded
to the supporting structure.
A surge suppression unit (600SS) must be installed close to the
SM.
The distance between the SM and 600SS should be kept to a
minimum.
The drop cable length between the SM and 600SS must be less
than 600 mm.
An surge suppression unit (200SS) must be installed within 600
mm (24 in) of the point at which the power cable enters the
building or equipment room.
The drop cable must be grounded at the building entry point.
The drop cable must not be laid alongside a lightning air
terminal.
All grounding cables must be a minimum size of 10 mm2 csa
(8AWG), preferably 16 mm2 csa (6AWG), or 25 mm2 csa (4AWG).
 Lightening Protection Tower
Installation
The equipment must be
lower than the top of the
tower or its lightning air
terminal.
The metal tower or mast
must be correctly
grounded.
A grounding kit must be
installed at the first point
of contact between the
drop cable and the
tower, near the top.
A grounding kit must be
installed at the bottom of
the tower, near the
vertical to horizontal
transition point. This
grounding kit must be
bonded to the tower or
tower ground bus bar
(TGB), if installed.
 Lightening Protection Wall
installation
The equipment
must be lower
than the top of
the building or
its lightning air
terminal.
The building
must be
correctly
grounded.
Lightening Protection High
Rise Building
The AP must be below the
lightning terminals and finials.
A grounding conductor must be
installed around the roof
perimeter, to form the main roof
perimeter lightning protection
ring.
Air terminals are typically installed
along the length of the main roof
perimeter lightning protection ring
typically every 6.1m (20ft).
The main roof perimeter lightning
protection ring must contain at
least two down conductors
connected to the grounding
electrode system. The down
conductors should be physically
separated from one another, as
far as practical.
Lightening Protection Inside
high rise
The drop cable
shield must be
bonded to the
building
grounding
system at the
entry point to the
building.
The drop cable
shield must be
bonded to the
building
grounding
system at the
entry point to the
equipment area.
Site Grounding (Lightening,
Power, Logic)
Grounding conductors must be run as short, straight, and
smoothly as possible, with the fewest possible number of
bends and curves.
Grounding cables must not be installed with drip loops.
All bends must have a minimum radius of 203 mm (8 in)
and a minimum angle of 90. A diagonal run is preferable
to a bend, even though it does not follow the contour or
run parallel to the supporting structure.
All bends, curves and connections must be routed
towards the grounding electrode system, ground rod, or
ground bar.
Grounding conductors must be securely fastened.
Braided grounding conductors must not be used.
Approved bonding techniques must be used for the
connection of dissimilar metals.
Cable Recommendation - Shielded CAT5!

To minimize the possibility of

performance problems that may be
caused by external sources of
interference, it is strongly
recommended that shielded CAT5
cable (Ethernet and sync) be used in
all Cambium Fixed Wireless
Broadband installations.
Cabling - The Importance of Proper Cabling

Using proper cabling when installing your

system will help ensure consistent, reliable
performance of your network.
A large majority of technical support calls
(35% or more) can be attributed to
improper cabling or the use of inferior
quality cables.
Make sure your equipment is properly
grounded.
Use a professional to ensure you have
proper lightning protection.
Cabling - Cabling Design
Considerations
Ethernet cables cannot exceed 100 meters
(328 feet) in length.
RJ-11 default/override plug cable cannot
exceed 100 meters (328 feet) in length.
GPS antenna cable cannot exceed 30
meters (100 feet) in length.
Be careful when constructing power
over CAT-5 cables. A mis-wire can
permanently damage modules!
Cabling - Important Notes
Cabling is one of the most important components of
any communication network.
Poor quality, poorly constructed and chafed or nicked
cables can create intermittent network problems.
Properly dressed and labeled cables make
identification and troubleshooting easier.
Improperly terminated Ethernet and Sync cables can
result in external signals being coupled into the cable
resulting in interference and erratic module
performance.
Use a drip loop to reduce the risk of water following a
cable into a module.
Antenna Alignment - AP
Alignment
Access Point alignment involves using a local
or topographical map to determine which
direction one or more APs in a cluster will be
aimed to cover a specific sector in a
community.
Depending on the angle both Azimuth and
Elevation should be considered when
choosing the correct antenna.
Depending on the height of the AP cluster
above the local terrain, it may be required to
calculate a degree of downtilt and Elevation.
AP Alignment

A compass, GPS or similar device can be

used to properly aim an Access Point.

Once the Access Point has been

positioned, lock the module down.

Remote Modules are then aligned to their

respective AP.
RM Alignment

Two methods can be used for aligning a

Remote Module to an Access Point:
PMP450 monitors the power level (dBm)
values on the RM, using the Tools> RM
Alignment page.
Use the positioning tone feature. This requires
a special cable and headphones, or audio
amplifier with speaker.
You can use a PDA that is capable of
supporting a wired Ethernet connection to
monitor jitter and power level during
alignment.
 RM Alignment Method 1:
Monitor Power Level and Jitter,
Alignment Page
Use the RM alignment page for near real-time
graphical display of jitter and power level
information
From the Tools menu, select the Alignment Tool
tab to access the SM Alignment page
Graphical, color-coded display presents clear
information on quality of jitter and power level

PDA: Personal Digital Assistant

 SM Alignment Method 1: Monitor Power Level and
Jitter, Example Screens

PDA: Personal Digital Assistant

SM Alignment Method 1: Monitor
Power Level and Jitter, Measurements

Jitter and power level (dBm) are the parameters

that can indicate the quality of the AP to RM link.
Power level indicates Rx sensitivity and Jitter is a
measure of signal quality.
Table below reflects the criteria used for the
graphical display color-coding.

Good OK Bad
Color Green Orange Red
Jitter 14 58 9 15
Power Level > -72 dBm -72 to -75 dBm < -75 dBm
Overall Link Quality Worse of Jitter or Power Level (PMP100 only)
 SM Alignment Method 1: Monitor Power Level
and Jitter, Process Steps

1. Point the RM in the direction of the AP.

a. PMP 430/450: beam width is 55 x 55
degrees
2. The SM cycles through a series of steps to
register to an AP: scanning, syncing,
registering, and registered. Power level and
jitter will not report on the web page until
the unit is registered.
3. Use the SMs Tool> Alignment Tool page
to monitor link quality, jitter and power
level. Wait for a refresh after moving the
module.
(contd)

NOTE: PMP 100 also display jitter and power level.

AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
RM Alignment Method 1: Monitor Power Level and
Jitter, Process Steps contd

4. After the module has registered, slowly

adjust the positioning of the RM so that
jitter is minimized and power levels are at
best settings possible. Lock down the
module when finished.
5. After alignment, perform a link test to
check the efficiency of the link.

NOTE: If using a PMP 100/430/450 Series SM with a Passive Reflector, the

radiated pattern will change to 6 x 6 degrees, or 17 x 17 degrees for 2.4 GHz.
If using a PMP 100/430/450 Series SM with the LENS/CLIP, the radiated
pattern will change to 18 x 18 degrees.
RM Alignment Method 2: Positioning
Tone

Remote Modules incorporate an

audible positioning tone to help
installers find the best location for a
module.
The pitch changes to reflect the power
level
Volume level changes to reflect jitter
PMP100
Move the module around until you
achieve the highest pitch and volume.
Lock the unit down.
RM Alignment Method 2: Positioning Tone,
Headset Requirements

The positioning tone feature requires a

cable adaptor
The cable adaptor allows the 6 pin RJ-11
GPS cable to interface to a headset or
amplifier (adaptor doesnt require active
or passive devices)
The tone output is available on pin 5 of the
RJ-11 connector, with pin 6 being ground.
The headset or amplifier load should be
between pins 5 and 6.
Wiring Diagram, Alignment Tone
Cable

1 1

2 2

3 3
4 4
5 5 Audio
6 6 Ground
7 7
8 8
Not used