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This document discusses biomedical waste management. It begins by defining biomedical waste and classifying it into different categories. It then discusses the need for proper biomedical waste management to prevent infections, misuse of drugs, and environmental pollution. The document outlines problems posed by improper management of biomedical waste. It also describes India's Biomedical Waste Management Rules of 2011 which cover segregation, treatment, and disposal of waste. The roles and responsibilities of healthcare workers are discussed as well as dos and don'ts for handling biomedical waste.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It begins by defining biomedical waste and classifying it into different categories. It then discusses the need for proper biomedical waste management to prevent infections, misuse of drugs, and environmental pollution. The document outlines problems posed by improper management of biomedical waste. It also describes India's Biomedical Waste Management Rules of 2011 which cover segregation, treatment, and disposal of waste. The roles and responsibilities of healthcare workers are discussed as well as dos and don'ts for handling biomedical waste.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It begins by defining biomedical waste and classifying it into different categories. It then discusses the need for proper biomedical waste management to prevent infections, misuse of drugs, and environmental pollution. The document outlines problems posed by improper management of biomedical waste. It also describes India's Biomedical Waste Management Rules of 2011 which cover segregation, treatment, and disposal of waste. The roles and responsibilities of healthcare workers are discussed as well as dos and don'ts for handling biomedical waste.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Definition Classification of biomedical waste Problems associated with biomedical waste Need for biomedical waste management Segregation and Treatment techniques Biomedical waste management in India Environmental legislation News on biomedical waste BIOMEDICAL WASTE Definition: Bio Medical waste is any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining to or in the production or testing of biologicals. Biomedical waste is generated in: hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, medical laboratories, blood banks, animal houses etc. Such a waste can also be generated at home if health care is being provided there to a patient (e.g. injection, dressing material etc.) CLASSIFICATION NEED FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT Prevent Nosocomial infections Control misutilisation of left over drugs. Minimise the risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash. Check the risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers andscavengers, otherpeoples. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH BIOMEDICAL WASTE organism Diseases caused Related waste item
Viruses: AIDS,infectious Infected needles,
HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis, Dengue, body fluids, human Hepatitis A,C, tick-borne fevers, excreta, soiled Arboviruses, etc linen, blood, body Enteroviruses fluids.
Bacteria: Typhoid, Cholera, Human excreta and
Salmonella typhi, wound infections, body fluids in Vibrio cholerae, septicemia, landfills and hospital Clostridium tetani, rheumatic fever, wards, sharps such Psedomonas, endocarditis, skin as needles, surgical Streptococcus and soft tissue blades. infections
Parasites: Cutaneous Human excreta and
Wuchereria leishmaniasis, kala body fluids in poorly Bancrofti, azar, malaria managed sewage Plasmodium system of hospitals BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES IN INDIA Ministry of Environment and Forests has revised the Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules promulgated under the Environment Protection Act of 1986. The Rules now called the Bio Medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2011. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) gross generation of BMW in India is 4,05,702 kg/day of which only 2,91,983 kg/day is disposed, which means that almost 28% of the wastes is left untreated and not disposed finding its way in dumps or water bodies and re-enters our system. CATEGORIES OF BMW category Waste category (type) Category No.1 Human anatomical waste
Colour Coding and Type of Container for Disposal of BMW Colour Coding Type of container to be used Waste Category Number Yellow Non Chlorinated plastic bags Category 1,2,5,6
Red Non Chlorinated plastic Category 3,4,7
bags/puncture proof container for sharps
Blue Non Chlorinated plastic bags Category 8
container
Black Non Chlorinated plastic bags Municipal
Waste WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF TREATMENT & DISPOSAL NUMBER
Category 1,2,5,6 Incineration
Category 3,4,7 Disinfection by chemical treatment or by
autoclaving/microwaving followed by mutilation/shredding and final disposal
Category 8 Chemical treatment & discharge into drains
meeting the norms notified under these rules & solid disposal in secured landfill DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 2011 &1998 These rules imply to every occupier generating BMW. Only 8 categories. Annual report format is indicated. Confusion between disposal of waste is cleared. ROLE OF DOCTORS, NURSES, LAB TECHNICIANS. Do not dispose dressings in patients bin / Ask for disposal bags. Ensure all the plastics and gloves are cut and put into bleach solution. Ensure all used injections are cut using needle cutters. Ensure compliance of this scheme during ward visits Help patients understand the scheme. Media plates to be put in separate bleach solution. DONTS Put the waste indiscriminately. Put wrong bags in bin. (Adhere to colour code.) Fill the bags till neck. (Waste would otherwise spill over.) Handle waste without protective clothing. Drag the bags after removal. (Bags can burst and the site could be repulsive.) Never recap the needle. (Never re-use needle without disinfection) Mix non infectious waste with infectious waste. OUT HOUSE MANAGEMENT
Role of Common Facilitator:
To collect Bio Medical Waste from Individual Hospital every day. To transport in closed container Van safely to the Treatment plant. To erect common offsite BMWM Treatment facility in accordance with the standard prescribe BMWM Rules and approval from Pollution Control Board. To dispose various categories of Bio Medical Waste by approved techniques. To train the individual hospitals staffs regarding BMWM. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
The Environment (Protection) Act,1986
The BiomedicalWaste (Management & Handling)Rules, 1998 The MunicipalSolid Waste (Management & Handling)Rules, 2000 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)Rules, 1989 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981 NEWS ON BIOMEDICAL WASTE News King George's Medical University's double gain in sell ing biomedical waste TOI06 Dec 2013, 08:05 IST Here's a perfect example of 'best out of waste'. The biomedical waste management system at King George's Medical University is helping the institute mint handsome money besides contributing to saving the environment.
Biomedical waste management seminar concludes at St
anley Medical College TOI23 Nov 2013, 04:29 IST More than 50 NCC cadets at the Stanley Medical College (SMC) on Friday participated in a seminar on biomedical waste management and would impart the knowledge to other students. LET THE WASTE OF THE SICK NOT CONTAMINATE THE LIVES OF HEALTHY