MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR E-GLASS SISAL EPOXY REINFORCED

NATURAL HYBRID COMPOSITE

1 G U I D ED B Y PR ES EN TE D B Y
 OVERVIEW
Introduction to Composites
Classification of Composites
Problem Definition
Objective

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 Introduction to Composites

Composite is combination of two materials in which one of the

material called the reinforcing phase, is in the form of fibre, sheets, or
particles, and is embedded in the other materials called the matrix
phase

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 Classification of Composites

According to the type of reinforcing material

According to the type of matrix material

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 According to the type of reinforcing material

Fibrous Composites

Particulate Composites

Laminated composites

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Fibrous Composites Particulate Composites Laminated Composites

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 According to type of matrix material

Metal Matrix Composites

Ceramic Matrix Composites

Polymer Matrix Composites

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 Natural Composites

Fibres which comes from natural sources and do not require fibre
formation are classed as natural fibre

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 Hybrid Composites

Hybrids can have more than one reinforcing phase and a single
matrix phase or single reinforcing phase with multiple matrix phases
or multiple reinforcing and multiple matrix phases

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 Problem Definition

Environmental as well as consumer demand in many countries is

imposing higher pressure on manufacturers of materials and end
products. They have to consider the environmental impact of their
products based on the composites. They have to consider the
environmental impact of their products at all stages of their life cycle,
including recycling and ultimate disposal

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 OBJECTIVE
To determine the mechanical properties of rice straw epoxy
reinforced natural hybrid composite.

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FABRICATION TECHNIQUE USED
HAND LAYUP TECHNIQUE

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Fabrication of model
The model is prepared according to ASTM standard
Steps involved in fabrication of model includes
Affixing of release film
Mixing resin and hardener into specified proportions
Applying on release film
Placing e-glass fiber in zero orientation
Next jute fiber is placed on top of it.

The process is repeated for other two orientation ( 30 degree and 45 degree )

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E GLASS
Glass fiber (or glass fibre) is a material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass.
Glass wool, which is one product called "fiberglass" today, was invented in 19321933
by Russell Games Slayter of Owens-Corning, as a material to be used as thermal building
insulation. It is marketed under the trade name Fiberglas, which has become a genericized
trademark. Glass fiber when used as a thermal insulating material, is specially manufactured with
a bonding agent to trap many small air cells, resulting in the characteristically air-filled low-
density "glass wool" family of products.
Glass fiber is formed when thin strands of silica-based or other formulation glass are extrude into
many fibers with small diameters suitable for textile processing. The technique of heating and
drawing glass into fine fibers has been known for millennia; however, the use of these fibers for
textile applications is more recent. Until this time, all glass fiber had been manufactured
as staple (that is, clusters of short lengths of fiber).

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SISAL FIBER
PlantFibres-Sisal(Agave sisalana)Sisalis a hardfibreextracted from the
leaves ofsisalplants which are perennial succulents that grow best in hot
and dry areas.Sisalis an environmentally friendlyfibreas it is
biodegradable and almost no pesticides or fertilizers are used in its
cultivation.
Sisal fibreis derived from the leaves of the plant. It is usually obtained by
machine decortications in which the leaf is crushed between rollers and then
mechanicallyscraped. The fibre is then washed and dried by mechanical or
natural means. The dried fibre represents only 4% of the total weight of the
leaf. Once it is dried the fibre is mechanically double brushed. The lustrous
strands, usually creamy white, average from 80 to 120 cm in length and 0.2
to 0.4 mm in diameter.

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CONTINUED..
Sisal fibre is fairly coarse and inflexible. It is valued for cordage use because
of its strength, durability, ability to stretch, affinity for certain dyestuffs, and
resistance to deterioration in saltwater. Sisal is used by industry in three
grades:
The lower grade fibre is processed by the paper industry because of its high
content of cellulose and hemicelluloses.
The medium grade fibre is used in the cordage industry for making: ropes,
baler and binders twine. Ropes and twines are widely employed for marine,
agricultural, and general industrial use.
The higher-grade fibre after treatment is converted into yarns and used by
the carpet industry.

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Fabricated model ( zero degree )

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Fabricated model ( 45 degree )

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Fabricated model ( 90 degree )

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Results and discussion

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advantages
Reduction in density of products.
Acceptable specific strength, toughness and stiffness in comparison with glass fibre reinforced
composites.
Ease of shaping into complex shapes in a single manufacturing process.
Lower energy consumption from fibre growing to finished composites
The manufacturing processes are relatively safe when compared with glass based reinforced
composites.
Possibility of recycling the cuttings and wastage produced during manufacturing and moulding.
The production of natural fibres can be started with a low capital investment and with a lower cost.
fibres exhibit good thermal and acoustic insulation properties.

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Application
Aerospace
Automobile
Marine applications

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conclusion

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