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GENDER AND

AGRICULTURE:
LAND TENURE,
FOOD SECURITY
AND POVERTY
GROUP 4
WHY THIS IS A DEVELOPMENT
ISSUE?
Women constitutes about 40% of agriculture
workforce.
Compared to 53% of male workers, 75% of
female workers are involved in agriculture.
In general, about 20% of rural households in
every village are female headed due to
widowhood, desertion or male out-migration.
Policy makers should take increased
feminization of agriculture work and labour
into account.
LAND TENURE : LAWS RELATING
TO INHERITANCE
Hindu Succession Act, 1956 of intestate succession

Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of


1937

Various states amendments have done progress


towards improving gender equality in land rights

However, laws itself are not sufficient without a


planned approach, implementation and enforcement
programs
LAND TENURE : INCREASING LAND OWNERSHIP
AND PARTICIPATION OF RURAL WOMEN
Government land distribution programs
Government distributes wasteland and ceiling surplus land
Distributed over 5 million acres of ceiling surplus land and
14 million acres of wasteland
Men received title to vast majority

Land market
86% of arable land is privately owned
Arable land is the most likely source for women to obtain
land
Lack of assets, bargaining power and skills required to
manage the land are main challenges for women
ownership
FOOD SECURITY
Hunger and malnutrition have an especially profound
impact on the rural poor and on women in particular.

Around 68% of rural women in sub-Saharan Africa are


malnourished, and malnourished mothers are more
likely to die in childbirth and to give birth to low birth
weight babies who are more likely to have stunted
growth (Uthman and Aremu, 2008).

This correlates strongly to womens land tenure


insecurity: countries where women lack land ownership
rights have an average of 60 percent more malnourished
children (United Nations Human Rights Council, 2012).
FOOD SECURITY
A countrywide study in Uganda shows how land tenure
insecurity can affect agricultural productivity and food
security. When women farmers did not have
independent and secure rights to the land they were
farming, many chose not to let it lie fallow for an
optimal period. Since their rights to use the land were
insecure and dependent on a relationship with a man,
the women feared that not using the land for one
season would affect their longer term access, thus they
overworked the land.

When women farm, they prioritize growing food for the


family, but they are commonly overlooked in
agricultural policy.
FOOD SECURITY
Studies have found that female farmers are
just as efficient as male farmers are, and with
equal access to inputs and services, would
achieve the same yields as men. (FAO, 2011b).

Studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa


conclude that total efficiency in agricultural
production would improve if resources were
allocated more equitably across mens and
womens land plots (Allendorf, 2007).

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